Module 5: Neurons and Transmitters

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

the antennae taking information from other neurons/cells, extend out from soma (cell body)

Question 2

Cell Body

Answer 2

information is aggregated in here and making a decision on whether it will fire and have an action potential

Question 3

axon

Answer 3

long extension that goes to another neuron or muscle (can be one of the largest cells in the body)

• signal is propagated down the length
• main source of output, covered in insulating substance called myelin sheath

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

the end of an acon, secretes chemicals into the gap and will get taken up by the next dendrites

Question 5

Neurotransmitters

Answer 5

can be inhibitory and excitatory

Question 6

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

Answer 6

GABA

alcohol mimic effects of GABA in your brain (sleepy, relaxed, slurred speech)

Question 7

Excitatory Neurotransmitter

Answer 7

glutamate

alcohol can disrupt glutamate

Question 8

Nervous System

Answer 8

Central NS (brain and spinal cord) 
Peripheral NS (projects from spinal cord to rest of body) 
Automatic NS (sympathetic and Parasympathetic)

Question 9

the brain on love…

Answer 9

• flooded by vague sensations transmitted by the vagus nerve
• oxytocin: neuropeptide that adopts a central role in reproduction, seals lasting bond between mom and baby, plays a major role in social interactions and parental behavior

Question 10

Vasopresisn vs. Oxytocin

Answer 10

V - associated with physical and emotional mobilization, in presence of threat, males may experience higher levels of vasopressin
O - immobility without fear, relaxed, sexual behavior, can facilitate adult neurogenesis and tissue repair

Question 11

Soma

Answer 11

houses nucleus, contains genetic info, directs protein synthesis, supplies energy and resources the cell needs to function

Question 12

Terminal Button

Answer 12

end of an axon, which forms synapses with spines on the dendrites of neurons

Question 13

Synaptic Gap

Answer 13

5 nm between presynaptic terminal button and postsynaptic Dendritic Spine

Question 14

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 14

package together groups of chemicals called neurotransmitters

Question 15

Sensory Neurons

Answer 15

help us get info

Question 16

Motor Neurons

Answer 16

allow us to initiate movement and behavior

Question 17

Interneurons

Answer 17

process the sensory input from our environment into meaningful representations, plan appr response, and connect to the motor neurons to execute these behavior plans

Question 18

Unipolar Neurons

Answer 18

Ideal for relaying information forward

- One Neurite and No Dendrites

Question 19

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 19

Sensory perception

- One Axon and one dendrite

Question 20

Multipolar

Answer 20

communicate sensory and motor info

- One axon and many dendrites

Question 21

Oligodendroglia

Answer 21

wrap their dendritic processes around the axons of neurons many times to form

Question 22

Microglia and Astrocytes

Answer 22

1. digest debris of dead neurons
2. carry nutritional support from blood vessels to neurons
3. help regulate the ionic composition of extracellular fluid

Question 23

Anions (A-)

Answer 23

• highly concentrated in cell
• impermeable to membrane
• no ion channels that allow for movement

Question 24

Potassium (K+)

Answer 24

• very permated to potassium at rest,
• high concentrations inside cell
• diffusion pushes it out, EP pushes it in

Question 25

Chloride (Cl-)

Answer 25

- very permeated at rest - high concetration outside cell - dif pushes it in, EP pushes it out

Question 26

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 26

- NOT very permated - dif pushes it in, EP pushes it in - high concentration outside cell - removed by sodium-potassium pump (uses neuron energy to pump 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions in)

Question 27

Action Potential

Answer 27

large transient current,