Module 4.5

Question 1

postive schizo symtoms

Answer 1

delusions
hallucinations
disorganised behaviour and speech

Question 2

negative schizo symptoms

Answer 2

inability to feel pleasure
lack of initiative
social withdrawal
affective flattening

Question 3

mechanisms of schizophrenia

Answer 3

abnormal neural development
impaired function of connectivity of specific neurons or cells
direct causes unknown

Question 4

management of schizophrenia

Answer 4

antipsychotic meds to improve positive symptoms
psychosocial treatment

Question 5

fusion of egg and sperm

Answer 5

triggers ion fluxes across egg membrane
creates books to entry of additional sperm
changes egg pH
increases metabolism
promotes rapid cell development

Question 6

4 weeks

Answer 6

organ systems formed
4mm in length
heartbeat

Question 7

8 weeks

Answer 7

body structure formed
3cm

Question 8

2nd trimester

Answer 8

foetus forms limbs with digits
move in amniotic sac
10cm

Question 9

3rd trimester

Answer 9

lines trigger contractions and birth
40cm

Question 10

cleavage

Answer 10

= cell division that created multiple cells from zygote

Question 11

what type of cleavage does a human do

Answer 11

complete rotational

Question 12

blastocyst

Answer 12

ball of compacted cells

Question 13

what does the embryo cells form

Answer 13

stem cells

Question 14

what do the blastocyst cells form

Answer 14

amniotic sac

Question 15

what do the trophoblast cells form

Answer 15

placenta

Question 16

gastrulation

Answer 16

cells in the inner cell mass differentiate

Question 17

ectoderm forms

Answer 17

epidermis and nervous system

Question 18

mesoderm forms

Answer 18

all other cells

Question 19

endoderm forms

Answer 19

lining of internal organs

Question 20

what structures are formed from the forebrain

Answer 20

pituatory gland
hypothalamus
cerebrum
thalamus

Question 21

what structures are formed from the midbrain

Answer 21

mid brain

Question 22

what structures are formed from the hind brain

Answer 22

cerebellum
pons
medulla

Question 23

what is the genesis of neurons

Answer 23

neural stem cells -> neural progenitors -> neural cells

Question 24

what is synaptic refinement

Answer 24

= cell death of excess neurons
synaptic pruning

Question 25

how does the cerebral cortex from

Answer 25

inside to outside last born neurons are superficial

Question 26

steps of neuron formation

Answer 26

1. generation of neurons 2. outgrowth of axons and dendrites 3. synapse formation 4, synaptic refinement

Question 27

steps in cell signalling

Answer 27

1. signal arrives at target cell 2. signal molecule binds to a receptor protein on the cell 3. change in 3D shape of receptor and exposes active site 4. activates signal transduction pathway

Question 28

mesolimbic pathway

Answer 28

= connects dopaminergic neurons in the ventral segmental area of midbrain to nucleus

Question 29

mesocortical pathway

Answer 29

connects neurons in mid brain to neurons in prefrontal cortex