Modul2 4.1 Flashcards
Homeostasis definiton
maintenance of a constant internal environment notwithstanding changes in external temperature
what does homeostasis regualte
temp
pH
ions
solvents
negative feedback loop steps
- stimulus
- receptor detects stimulus and sends message via afferent pathway
- control center sends responce via efferent pathway
- effector causes responce
- responce opposes stimuli
what is regulated by a negative feedback loop
BGL
BP
what does a positive feedback loop do
amplifies the stimuli
visceral sensory information
info from internal organs
e.g. heart , blood vessels, GI tract
involuntary
visceral motor information
smooth and cardiac muscles
involuntary
somatic sensory information
sensory information from body wall
e.g. bones, skin, skeletal muscles
involuntary
somatic motor information
skeletal muscle activity
movement of limbs and joints
voluntary
what is the endocrine system
hormones travel from endocrine glands to target cell via circulatory system
how do neurons communicate with each other
nuerotransmitters released and effect adjacent cells via lock and key
how do receptors work in communication
ligand binds to specific receptor and initiates events inside the cell that produces a response
what is noradrenaline and how does it work
neurotransmitter
released by neurone and triggers fight or flight response
what is adrenaline and how does it work
hormone
released by adrenal gland to activate adrenergic receptors
what is thyroid and how does it work
released by thyroid gland to increase energy expenditure
what is a circadian rhythm
24 hour cycle that are part of the body internal clock
what are 4 methods of heat exchange
radiation
evaporation
convection
conduction
what is a fever
altered temperature regulated ‘set point’ higher than normal
how does fever occur
- infectious agents activate immune response
- prostaglandin (PGE2) produced
- PGE2 alters neural activity in hypothalamus
- shivering, BAT and vasoconstriction
benefits of fever
when temp increases some bacteria are unable to replicate and work
enhances immune response
when does fever become dangerous
sepsis
excess temp causes organ damage which occurs when infection is spread though whole body
