Module 4.4 Joints and Ligaments

Question 1

Fibrous joints

Answer 1

Between cranial bones *immovable

Question 2

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 2

Between vertebrae *slightly moveable

• vertebrae also separates by disks (which increase flexibility
• pelvic bones slightly movable bc theyre anteriorly joined by fibrous cartilage (the pubic symphysis)
• joint becomes more flexible during late pregnancy due to hormone changes, allow pelvis to expand during child birth

Question 3

Synovial joints

Answer 3

• most joints
• freely moveable
• bones separated by joint cavity

Question 4

Ligaments

Answer 4

Composed of fibrous connective tissue, binds bones together

Question 5

Joint Capsule

Answer 5

Ligaments hold bones in place & form joint capsule

-lines with synovial membrane

Question 6

Synovial fluid

Answer 6

-Produced by synovial membrane

Question 7

Hinge joints

Answer 7

Ie: knee and elbow joints

-largely permit movement in one direction only

Question 8

Ball and socket joints

Answer 8

Allow movement in all planes and even a rotational movement

Ie: hip (femur into socket of pelvis)
Shoulder joint

Question 9

Saddle joint

Answer 9

Ie: thumb

-allows thumb to move freely cross over palm

Question 10

Pivot Joint

Answer 10

-allows rotational movement

Ie: cervical spine (C1 and C2) allow rotation of vertebrae

Question 11

Sternoclavicular Ligament

Answer 11

Joins sternum w/clavicle

Question 12

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Answer 12

Joins coracoid process of scapula to clavicle

Question 13

Coracoacromial Ligament

Answer 13

Joins coracoid process to acromion of the scapula

Question 14

Coracohumeral Ligament

Answer 14

Connects head of humerus to coracoid process of the scapula

Question 15

Tendons rotator cuffs shoulder

Answer 15

Supraspinatus
Infrapinatus
There’s Minor
Subscapularis

-help limit movement at shoulder so head of humerus is stabilized w/joint

Question 16

Menisci (knee)

Answer 16

Crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage

-gives added stability to femur to articulate tibia

Question 17

Larger Patellar Ligament (knee)

Answer 17

Located anterior if knee

Question 18

MCL and LCL (knee)

Answer 18

Medial (tibial)
Lateral (fibulae)

Collateral ligaments
Stabilize sides of knee

Question 19

ACL and PCL (knee)

Answer 19

• interior joint contains anterior crucial ligament (ACL)

- posterior crucial ligaments (PCL)

Question 20

Bursar (knee)

Answer 20

Knee joint contains 13 fluid filled sacs

• East friction between tendons, ligaments, & bones
• inflammation of bursae joint is called bursitis

Question 21

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (spine)

Answer 21

Connecting anterior vertebral bodies

Question 22

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (spine)

Answer 22

Connecting the posterior vertebral bodies

Question 23

Interspinous Ligaments (spine)

Answer 23

Connects spinous process of 2 adjacent vertebrae

Question 24

Supraspinous Ligament (spine)

Answer 24

Connects posterior portion the spinous processes

Question 25

Intervertebral Discs (spine)

Answer 25

Act as padding between vertebrae Prevent vertebrae from grinding against each other

Question 26

Herniated disk (spine)

Answer 26

When posterior longitudinal ligament becomes weakened, Center portion of disc may bulge into vertebral foreman -body may heal itself or be surgically removed