Module 4.2 Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
Pectoral Girdle
- Composed of 2 clavicles & 2 scapulae
- each clavicle (collarbone) connects w/sternum anteriorly & scapula (shoulder) posteriorly
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Only attached to rib cage via muscles
- allows motion in arms
- many muscles & ligaments attach to it
Humerus
Rounded head that fits into socket of the scapula
- lot of muscles needed to hold humerus in place
- lots of movement at shoulder
- easily dislocated
Radius
Thumb side of forearm
Ulna
Other bone in forearm
-OLCERANON PROCESS most prominent bone of ulna, can be palpated posteriorly
Forearm
Radius & ulna
-allows for supination & pronation (turn palm up & palm down)
Scapula (posterior side)
Susprasinatus fossa
Infraspinatus fossa
Scapular spine
Acromion process (scapula)
- Projects from scapular spine which can be seen from both posterior & anterior views
- connects to clavicle anteriorly
Glenoid cavity (scapula)
-located in neck of scapula where head of humerus articulates w/scap
Coracoid process
Projects anteriorly from scapula allowing for muscles movement
Humerus
- Single long bone in upper arm
- fits into socket of scap. at glenoid cavity *held by rotator cuff muscles & other ligaments
- glenoid cavity smaller than head of humerus
- structure provides little stability
Dislocation
(Of joint)
-bone is removed from it socket
Humerus
Head Neck Shaft Capitulum Trochlea
Capitulum (humerus)
Articulates small portion of radius
Trochlea (humerus)
Articulates w/ulna
Medical Epicondyle (humerus)
-humerus can be palpated on medial side of the arm at elbow
Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
Humerus can be palpated on the lateral side of arm at elbow
Carpal bones
- wrist has 8
- look like small pebbles
Carpal bones (Proximal row)
(Lateral to medial)
scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
pisiform
Carpel Bones (Distal row)
(Lateral to medial) Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
Metacarpal
Fan out to form framework of palm
-1sr metacarpal the a thumb & 5th is the pinky
Phalanges
Bones of fingers & thumb
- long slender & lightweight
- thumb (1st digit) has 2 phalanges others have 3
Pelvic girdle
Consist of 2 heavy, large coxal bones
-has many important bone landmarks for attachment of muscles for lower limbs
Coxal bones (ossa coxae/innominate bones)
Anchored to the sacrum posteriorly via network of ligaments
-symmetrical
-formed by fusion if 3 bones ilium, ischium, & pubis
Ilium (coxal)
- Most superior of the sections
- Can be palpated on lateral sides of hips
Ischium
- Located posteriorly
- “sits bones”
- bones landmarks that can be felt sitting upright in a chair
Pubis
- forms center anteriorly
* connected by public symphysis
ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
Located on anterior portion of ilium
Pubic arch/pubic brim
- wider in females (arch)
- shaped like circles in male, ovals in females *to accommodate childbirth (brim)
Femur
-largest, longest single bone in body
Acetabulum
Aka hip joint
-where head of femur articulates w/pelvic girdle
Patella
- sits anteriorly to femur
- formed within quadriceps femoris tendon
Lower leg structure
Tibula (medial)
Fibula (lateral)
Tibia
- Larger of 2 bones
- has ridge that can be easily palpated anteriorly
Medial malleolus (of tibia)
Medial side of ankle
Lateral Malleolus (fibula)
Lateral side of ankle
Tarsal bones (ankle)
-7
medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform navicular cuboid talus calcaneus
Metatarsal (ankle/toes)
Bones span between ankles & toes
- as a result longitudinal arches from heel to toes & transverse arch across the foot
- provide a stable springy base for body
Flat feet
-likely to occur if tissues binding the metatarsals together become weakend
Hallux
Great toe
1st metatarsal
*only has a distal & proximal phalanx
Metatarsals 2-5 have distal, middle, & proximal phalanx
Phalanges (toes)
Bones in toes (just like fingers)
