Module 4.2 Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A
  • Composed of 2 clavicles & 2 scapulae

- each clavicle (collarbone) connects w/sternum anteriorly & scapula (shoulder) posteriorly

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2
Q

Scapula (shoulder blade)

A

Only attached to rib cage via muscles

  • allows motion in arms
  • many muscles & ligaments attach to it
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3
Q

Humerus

A

Rounded head that fits into socket of the scapula

  • lot of muscles needed to hold humerus in place
  • lots of movement at shoulder
  • easily dislocated
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4
Q

Radius

A

Thumb side of forearm

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5
Q

Ulna

A

Other bone in forearm

-OLCERANON PROCESS most prominent bone of ulna, can be palpated posteriorly

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6
Q

Forearm

A

Radius & ulna

-allows for supination & pronation (turn palm up & palm down)

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7
Q

Scapula (posterior side)

A

Susprasinatus fossa
Infraspinatus fossa
Scapular spine

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8
Q

Acromion process (scapula)

A
  • Projects from scapular spine which can be seen from both posterior & anterior views
  • connects to clavicle anteriorly
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9
Q

Glenoid cavity (scapula)

A

-located in neck of scapula where head of humerus articulates w/scap

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10
Q

Coracoid process

A

Projects anteriorly from scapula allowing for muscles movement

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11
Q

Humerus

A
  • Single long bone in upper arm
  • fits into socket of scap. at glenoid cavity *held by rotator cuff muscles & other ligaments
  • glenoid cavity smaller than head of humerus
  • structure provides little stability
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12
Q

Dislocation

A

(Of joint)

-bone is removed from it socket

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13
Q

Humerus

A
Head
Neck 
Shaft
Capitulum
Trochlea
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14
Q

Capitulum (humerus)

A

Articulates small portion of radius

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15
Q

Trochlea (humerus)

A

Articulates w/ulna

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16
Q

Medical Epicondyle (humerus)

A

-humerus can be palpated on medial side of the arm at elbow

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17
Q

Lateral epicondyle (humerus)

A

Humerus can be palpated on the lateral side of arm at elbow

18
Q

Carpal bones

A
  • wrist has 8

- look like small pebbles

19
Q

Carpal bones (Proximal row)

A

(Lateral to medial)

scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
pisiform

20
Q

Carpel Bones (Distal row)

A
(Lateral to medial)
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
21
Q

Metacarpal

A

Fan out to form framework of palm

-1sr metacarpal the a thumb & 5th is the pinky

22
Q

Phalanges

A

Bones of fingers & thumb

  • long slender & lightweight
  • thumb (1st digit) has 2 phalanges others have 3
23
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Consist of 2 heavy, large coxal bones

-has many important bone landmarks for attachment of muscles for lower limbs

24
Q

Coxal bones (ossa coxae/innominate bones)

A

Anchored to the sacrum posteriorly via network of ligaments
-symmetrical

-formed by fusion if 3 bones ilium, ischium, & pubis

25
Ilium (coxal)
- Most superior of the sections | - Can be palpated on lateral sides of hips
26
Ischium
- Located posteriorly - “sits bones” - bones landmarks that can be felt sitting upright in a chair
27
Pubis
- forms center anteriorly | * connected by public symphysis
28
ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
Located on anterior portion of ilium
29
Pubic arch/pubic brim
- wider in females (arch) | - shaped like circles in male, ovals in females *to accommodate childbirth (brim)
30
Femur
-largest, longest single bone in body
31
Acetabulum
Aka hip joint -where head of femur articulates w/pelvic girdle
32
Patella
- sits anteriorly to femur | - formed within quadriceps femoris tendon
33
Lower leg structure
Tibula (medial) Fibula (lateral)
34
Tibia
- Larger of 2 bones | - has ridge that can be easily palpated anteriorly
35
Medial malleolus (of tibia)
Medial side of ankle
36
Lateral Malleolus (fibula)
Lateral side of ankle
37
Tarsal bones (ankle)
-7 ``` medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform navicular cuboid talus calcaneus ```
38
Metatarsal (ankle/toes)
Bones span between ankles & toes - as a result longitudinal arches from heel to toes & transverse arch across the foot * provide a stable springy base for body
39
Flat feet
-likely to occur if tissues binding the metatarsals together become weakend
40
Hallux
Great toe 1st metatarsal *only has a distal & proximal phalanx Metatarsals 2-5 have distal, middle, & proximal phalanx
41
Phalanges (toes)
Bones in toes (just like fingers)