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Anatomy & Physiology MB > Module 4: Tissues > Flashcards

Module 4: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

4 classifications of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

AKA epithelium
Covers external surface of the body and lines internal cavities and forms glands
no nerve supply or blood supply

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3
Q

Tight junctions/Desmosomes

A

eip’s fit snugly together

very small amount of extracellular material between the narrow spaces of epi’s

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4
Q

Apical

A

Free or open surface of the epi

Most have microvilli on their surfaces (for better absorption or secretion)

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5
Q

Basal Lamina

A

non cellular, thin supporting sheet at the bottom of the epic
provides selective barrier

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6
Q

Shapes of Epi’s

A

Squamous (thin, flat, nucleus shaped like disk)
Cuboidal (cube like, nucleus shaped like sphere)
Columnar (Tall and narrow, nucleus is long and narrow)

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7
Q

Layers of Eips

A

Simple (one layer)

Stratified (2 or more layers)

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8
Q

Simple squamous

A

lungs

for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

simple cuboidal

A

kidney tubules

for absorption and secretion

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10
Q

simple columnar

A

digestive tract

for absorption of nutrient and secretion of mucus

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11
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

trachea

For secretion of mucus

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12
Q

Stratified squamous

A

epidermis of skin

for protection

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13
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

swear and mammary glands

for protection

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14
Q

stratified columnar

A

pharynx and male urethra

protection and secretion

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15
Q

Transitional Epis

A

Lining of urinary bladder

stretches in response to tension when urine fills the bladder

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16
Q

Functions of Epithelial tissues

A

Protection
Sensory functions (receptors in epis in skin, nose, eyes, ears)
Secretion (glandular epis)
Absorption
Excretion (lining in kidneys filtrates urine)

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17
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Secret substances onto free surface via ducts

substances include digestive enzymes, mucus, saliva, perspiration, breast milk

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18
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Ductless, secret their substances directly onto surround tissues and blood
Substances include: hormones from pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands

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19
Q

Connective tissue types (4)

A

cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone, blood
has embryonic origin (mesenchyme)
has blood supply (vascular) except cartilage
Has an extracellular matrix

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20
Q

Parts of connective tissue

A 
Specialized cells (fibroblast, macrophage, plasma, mast cells)
Extracellular protein fibres (collagen, elastic)
Ground substance (liquid, gel-like or solid form)
21
Q

Collagen fibers

A

flexible and strong

found in bone and cartilage

22
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Made from elastin
not as strong as collagen (but can return to original shape)
found in skin, walls of blood vessels, lung tissue

23
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Made from collagen (but arranged differently)
thin but organized
found in soft organs such as glands and lymph nodes

24
Q

Classification fo connective tissue (5)

A

loose connective, dense connective, cartilage, bone, blood

25
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

loosely packed fibres
Subcategories: Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

26
Q

Areolar

A

Binds organs together giving strength, elasticity and support
most dispersed, found underneath tips, in cavities, between muscles

27
Q

Adipose

A

Provides protection, insulation, support and place to store energy
fat tissue found under the skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and kidneys

28
Q

Reticular

A

Defends the body by filtering out microorganisms and other substances
Network of branching fibres found in spleen, lymph noes, bone marrow

29
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Densely packed fibers
Subcategories: dense regular
Dense irregular
elastic

30
Q

Dense regular

A

provides tensile strength and flexibility for anchoring muscles to bones and bones to bones
Found in tendons and ligaments

31
Q

Dense irregular

A

Withstands stresses applied from any direction

Forms the dermis (inner skin layer); and outer layer of kidneys and spleen

32
Q

Elastic (Dense connective tissue)

A

Provides strength with stretching

Found in the wall of arteries

33
Q

Cartilage tissue

A 
Both tough and flexible (due to high water content)
Lacks nerves and is avascular
Specialized cells called chondrocytes
Subcategories: hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic
34
Q

Hyaline

A

Provides support with flexibility
absorbs shock in joints
“gristle” is most abundant type of cartilage
found in ends of long bones, larynx, nose, between sternum and ribs

35
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Provides protection and cushions body parts

found in intervertebral discs, knees, between pubic bones

36
Q

Elastic (cartilage)

A

provides support and a framework

found in the external ear and epiglottis

37
Q

Osseous

A

bone tissue

consists of bone cells that are embedded in a hard matrix of calcium and salts

38
Q

Vascular connective tissue

A

blood tissue

consists of blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

39
Q

Membranes

A

Thin sheets of tissue
Serous membranes line the ventral body cavities (not open to the exterior of the body)
Serous fluid reduces friction between cavities

40
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Conducts electrical impulses
98% of nervous tissue in is central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
Composed of neurones and neuroglia (glial cells)

41
Q

Muscle tissue

A

AKA muscle fibers contain protein (actin and myosin)
Muscles contract when these proteins interact
3 types: Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

42
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated voluntary muscle
attaches to bones of the skeleton
moves body parts
fastest contracting

43
Q

Smooth muscle

A

non striated involuntary muscle
found in internal organs and blood vessels
contraction are slower than skeletal but muscles remain contracted for a longer period of time

44
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

striated involunatry muscle
found only in the heart
resembles skeletal muscle but behaves like smooth muscle

45
Q

Tissue repair

A

Regeneration and fibrosis

46
Q

Regeneration

A

replacement of cells that are identical to the originals
occurs in tissues whose cells undergo replication (mitosis)
ex. worn out skin cells

47
Q

Fibrosis

A

Replacement by the formation of fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
very strong but lacks flexibility and elasticity

48
Q

Steps of tissue repair

A

1) inflammation -stimulates immune system
2) organization - restores blood supply and replaces damaged cells
3) regeneration and fibrosis - the repaired tissue remoulds itself

49
Q

Tissues and aging

A

Loss in height due to fallen arches, worn out disks
Decrease in lung capacity, muscle strength, kidney function
Brittle bones that break
Easy to bruise
Joint pain
Deterioration of mental functions

Anatomy & Physiology MB (19 decks)

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