Module 3: Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

Regions of a cell (3)

Answer 1

Plasma membrane (aka cell membrane)
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 2

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 2

Phosphate heads, proteins, carbs and cholesterol molecules scattered within bilayer
Phosphate layer is hydrophilic
Phosphate “tails” are hydrophobic

Question 3

Protein molecules

Answer 3

capable of moving from one side of membrane to the other
provide structural support
Provide channels for water and other substances to enter the cell
Act as receptors for hormones and enzymes

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Glycoproteins (sugar “glycocalyx” and protein) act as identification markers

Question 5

Cholesterol

Answer 5

20% of plasma membrane

Provides stiffness for membrane

Question 6

Plasma Membrane

Answer 6

Composed of the phospholipid bilayer
Separates extracellular and intracellular material
Selective permeability

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

supports organelles and inclusions

Question 8

Cytosol

Answer 8

fluid part of cytoplasm

Question 9

Organelles

Answer 9

Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome and centrioles
Cilia
Flagella
Nucleus

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

“power plant” of cell
Shaped like sausages
Convert energy in nutrients to ATP
Have their own DNA and RNA

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Synthesize proteins

Attached to endoplasmic reticulum or “free” in cytoplasm

Question 12

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

Contains ribosomes

Question 13

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Synthesize steroids

No ribosomes

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

“traffic director” of proteins
Looks like stack of plates
Packages protein for delivery inside or outside the cell

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

“housekeepers” of the cell
Sacs that bud off golgi complex
Powerful enzymes “eat” worn out cell parts, dead cells, bacteria

Question 16

Peroxisomes

Answer 16

Digest normal toxic by-products of cellular metabolism

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

composed of proteins

provides intracellular shape and support

Question 18

Centrioles

Answer 18

Pair of rod-shaped structures

Separate chromosomes during mitosis

Question 19

Cilia

Answer 19

Hairs across cell membrane (outside of cell)

Question 20

Flagella

Answer 20

Provides movement of an entire cell

Question 21

Inclusions

Answer 21

non-functioning units that appear and disappear

-stored nutrients

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

“captain of the ship”
Surrounded by double layer membrane (nuclear envelope) with pores
Filled with nucleoplasm that dissolves salts, nutrients, etc
Contains nucleolus
Stores genetic info

Question 23

Nucleolus

Answer 23

Inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes and chromatin

Question 24

Chromatin

Answer 24

a complex network of threads containing DNA

forms into chromosomes when a cell is about to divide

Question 25

Passive transportation

Answer 25

no ATP required

includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and filtration

Question 26

Active transportation

Answer 26

ATP required

Includes active transport pumps, endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 27

Endocytosis

Answer 27

Transporting bulk material into a cell
Particles surrounded by plasma membrane, sac is formed and then is pulled inside the cell
Includes: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 28

Phagocytosis

Answer 28

“cell eating”

Question 29

Pinocytosis

Answer 29

“cell drinking”

Question 30

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 30

specific membrane receptor binds with specific substance and then brought into cell

Question 31

Exocytosis

Answer 31

Vesicles moved from Golgi apparatus into plasma membrane.

Vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane, then ruptures, letting go of the product to the outside of the cell

Question 32

Vesicles

Answer 32

sacs of “outgoing” product

packaged by Golgi apparatus