Module 11: The Special Senses

Question 1

gustation

Answer 1

receptors for taste in the taste buds

Question 2

Microvilli on taste buds

Answer 2

chemoreceptors

Question 3

Papillae

Answer 3

tastebuds are on these elevations on the tongue

Question 4

3 parts of taste buds

Answer 4

supporting cells
gustatory receptor cells
Basal cells

Question 5

5 basic tastes

Answer 5

sour
sweet
bitter
salty
umami (beef, aging cheese)

Question 6

Physiology of taste organs

Answer 6

microvilli are stimulated
impulse from TONGUE travels along cranial nerve VII (facial) and IX (glossopharyngeal)
impulse from epiglottis and lower pharynx travel along cranial X (vagus)
Impulses then go through medulla oblongata to thalamus
Interpreted in insula of the brain

Question 7

Olfaction

Answer 7

smell

Question 8

Olfactory receptor cells are found in the

Answer 8

olfactory epithelium

Question 9

Physiology of Olfactory Organs

Answer 9

olfactory receptors stimulated
Impulse travels along cranial nerve I
Interpreted in temporal lobe

Question 10

What nerves cause reflex reaction of sneezing

Answer 10

V and I

Question 11

Accessory structures of the eye

Answer 11

eyebrow
eyelid
eyelashes
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus
extrinsic eye muscles

Question 12

2 muscles under eyebrow

Answer 12

obicularis oculi

corrugators

Question 13

Eyelid is also known as

Answer 13

palpebra

Question 14

2 regions of conjunctiva of eye

Answer 14

palpebral conjunctiva (thick, adheres to eyelid)
Bulbar conjunctiva (covers surface of eyeball; conjunctival sac forms when eyelid is closed)

Question 15

Lacrimal apparatus of eye

Answer 15

consists of lacrimal gland and tear ducts (almond shape)
Secretes lacrimal fluid (tears)
Tears drain through lacrimal puncta, lacrimal sal, nasolacrimal duct which empties into nasal cavity

Question 16

Lacrimal fluid contains

Answer 16

lysozyme to destroy bacteria and prevent infection

Question 17

Extrinsic eye muscles

Answer 17

Superior rectus (rolls eye upward)
Inferior rectus (downward)
Lateral rectus (outward)
Medial rectus (inward)
Superior oblique (medially)
Inferior oblique (laterally)

Question 18

3 cranial nerves that control extrinsic eye muscles

Answer 18

oculomotor (cranial nerve III)
Abducens (cranial nerve VI)
Trochlear (cranial nerve IV)

Question 19

3 layers of the eye

Answer 19

fibrous
vascular
inner (nervous)

Question 20

Fibrous layer of eye

Answer 20

Sclera (white of eye)

Cornea (window of eye)

Question 21

Vascular layer of eye

Answer 21

choroid
ciliary body
Iris

Question 22

Inner nervous layer of eye

Answer 22

aka retina
Rods (120mi, dim light)
Cones (6.5mi, bright light, color)

Question 23

Sight disorder

Answer 23

hyperopia (farsighted - only see far)

Myopia (nearsighted - only see close)

Question 24

Cataracts

Answer 24

cloudy area in lens causing distorted images

Question 25

Glaucoma

Answer 25

intraocular press when the drainage from aqueous humour is blocked

Question 26

Outer ear

Answer 26

Pinna (flap)
auditory canal
Cerumen - earwax produced by ceremonies glands

Question 27

Middle ear

Answer 27

tympanic membrane, ossicles, phyaryngotympanic tube

Question 28

Inner ear

Answer 28

aka labyrinth

Question 29

Cochlea

Answer 29

for hearing
shaped like snail
contains hair for hearing int he organ of Corti

Question 30

Vestibule

Answer 30

in-between semicircular canals and cochlea

for balance

Question 31

Semi circular canals

Answer 31

oval shaped
detect motion
for balance

Question 32

Physiology of hearing

Answer 32

sound waves pass through external auditory canal and vibrate tympanic membrane
vibrates 2 ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
causes perilymph in cochlea to move
endolymph which stimulate hair cells in organ or court
Nerve impulse travel along cochlear branch, cranial nerve VII to temporal lobe

Question 33

Disorders of ear

Answer 33

impacted cerumen (earwax build up)
Ruptured tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Tinnitus (ringing in ear)