Module 4- DNA, genes and chromosomes

Question 1

1 mark

Define proteome

Answer 1

Full range of proteins a cell can produce

Question 2

Define genome

Answer 2

Complete set of genes present in a cell

Question 3

Define gene

Answer 3

A sequence of DNA bases that codes for a polypeptide or functional RNA

Question 4

Define an exon

Answer 4

Sequences within a gene that code for amino acid sequence. Always separated by at least one intron in eukaryotes

Question 5

Describe the primary structure of all proteins. (2)

Answer 5

1. Sequence/order of amino acids;
2. (Joined by) peptide bonds;

Question 6

Define universal, non-overlapping and degenerate. (3)

Answer 6

1. (Universal) The same codon/triplet always codes for the same amino acid;
2. (Non-overlapping) codons/triplets do not overlap;
3. (Degenerate) More than one codon/triplet codes for each amino acid

Question 7

Name two biological molecules that can be coded for by a gene.

Do not include a polypeptide or protein in your answer.

Answer 7

tRNA, mRNA or rRNA

Question 8

Outline the similarities in, and the differences between, the structures of DNA and RNA molecules. (6)

Answer 8

Similarities
1. Polymers of nucleotides;
2. (Nucleotide has) pentose, base and a phosphate
3. Cytosine, guanine and adenine (as bases);
4. Have phosphodiester bonds;
Differences
5. Deoxyribose v ribose;
6. Thymine v uracil;
7. Long v short;
8. Double helix/stranded v single stranded;

Question 9

Outline the similarities in, and the differences between, the structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria. (4)

Answer 9

Similarities
1. Double membrane;
2. Both contain (circular) DNA;
3. Both contain ribosomes;
Differences
4. Thylakoids/lamellae/grana v cristae;
5. Stroma v matrix;
6. Pigments v no pigments;