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Biochem > Module 4 Continued.. > Flashcards

Module 4 Continued.. Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins form

A

Amino acids that contain amine and an acid

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2
Q

Amino acids structure

A

-NH3+ group
-COO- group

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3
Q

N & C terminals

A

N-terminal: NH3+
C-terminal: COO-

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4
Q

Primary structure of proteins

A

Amino acid sequence of a poly peptide chain

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5
Q

Secondary structure proteins

A

A coiled helix is formed or a pleaded sheet

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6
Q

Tertiary structure of proteins

A

A folded three dimensional shape

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7
Q

What can cystine form?

A

Disulfide bridges
S—S

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8
Q

Interactions within tertiary structure

A
  1. Disulfide bridge
  2. Salt bridge
  3. Hydrogen bond
  4. hydrophobic interaction
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9
Q

Quaternary structure proteins

A

Several globular peptides that are arranged to formula larger protein

-* two or more polypeptide chains and have disulfide bridges*

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10
Q

How much proteins are in blood plasma?

A

60 to 80 g/L

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11
Q

What does denaturization do to a protein?

A

Unfolds the protein

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12
Q

Hydrolysis a proteins definition

A

Breaking down into smaller peptides or amino acids

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13
Q

How does temperature affect proteins?

A

As temperature goes up, the movement of proteins increases

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14
Q

How does pH affect proteins?

A

Interferes with the salt, bridges and hydrogen bonds, which can change the charge of the protein

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15
Q

Transferases means

A

Transfer a group from one molecule to another

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16
Q

Hydrolasis definition

A

Cleave bonds by adding water

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17
Q

Lyases definition

A

Catalyze removal of groups to form double bonds

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18
Q

Isomerases definition

A

Catalyze intermolecular rearrangements

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19
Q

Ligases definition

A

Catalyze a reaction in which carbon bonds are made or broken

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20
Q

The effect of enzymes of a reaction

A

Enzyme speed of reaction by lowering the activation, energy energy

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21
Q

Definition of active site

A

The binding site

22
Q

Lock and key model of an enzyme

A

Enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key. The active site is where they bind together.

23
Q

Coenzyme definition

A

Another enzyme that helps spine, the first enzyme in the substrate

24
Q

What is the optimum pH?

A

7.3–7.4

25
Q

What is the optimum pH?

A

7.3–7.4

26
Q

What happens when the pH is at an extreme range?

A

The enzyme will be denatured, and it will destroy the catalytic ability

27
Q

What effect does temperature have on a reaction?

A

As the temperature go was up, the reaction rate increases

(But it can’t be too high because it’ll denatured enzyme)

28
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

A product late in a series of a reaction that is used as an inhibitor for the previous enzyme in the serious

29
Q

Pro enzyme

A

Inactive form of enzyme

30
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid
-Without oxygen

31
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

32
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of?

A

Nitrogen, five carbon sugaring, and a phosphoryl group

33
Q

What do nucleosides consist of?

A

A nitrogen base and a sugar carbon ring
-* no phosphate group**

34
Q

What type of bond does a nucleotide have?

A

A Phospho ester bond

35
Q

Adenosine in RNA

A

Attached to carbon one of ribose

36
Q

What is the backbone of DNA and RNA?

A

Phosphate

37
Q

Which structure has a double helix?

A

DNA

38
Q

How many bonds are between adenine and thymine?

A

Two hydrogen bonds

39
Q

How many bonds are between cytosine and guanine?

A

Three hydrogen bonds

40
Q

RNA structure

A

A single strand
-the Uracil replaces thymine

41
Q

Bass pairing

A

DNA:
- G-C
-T-A

RNA:
-G-C
-U-A

42
Q

What type of strand is our DNA molecule have

A

A parent strand turns into a daughter strand

43
Q

When nucleotides are added to the daughter strand, it’s called

A

Replication fork

44
Q

A 5’—3’ direction turns into

A

3’—5’ direction

45
Q

Central dogma definition

A

Leads DNA to RNA to protein

46
Q

Transcription

A

DNA synthesizes into RNA molecule

47
Q

Translation

A

RNA turned into a protein
-uses: rRNA and proteins

48
Q

Stages of transcription

A

Initiation—> elongation—> termination

49
Q

Codon and anti-codon

A

Codon: mRNA
Anticodon : tRNA

50
Q

Mutation classifications

A

-Point: substitution of a single nucleotide
-deletion: one or more nucleotides are lost
-Insertion: one or more nucleotides are added

51
Q

Hybridization

A

Technique used to identify presence of a gene on DNA fragment

52
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

Biochem (8 decks)

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