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Biochem > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Isomer

A

Two organic compounds that have the same number of atoms, but different structures

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2
Q

Isomer

A

Two organic compounds that have the same number of atoms, but different structures

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3
Q

Difference between organic and inorganic compounds

A
  • Organic have covalent bonds
  • non polar= hydrophobic
  • Inorganic has ionic bonds
  • polar= hydrophilic
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4
Q

Do non-electrolytes have charges

A

No charge

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5
Q

Organic compounds

A

-Lower melting points
Nonpolar
-London dispersion
Water insoluble

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6
Q

In organic compounds

A

Higher melting point
- Ionic bonds require more energy to break
Water soluble
-Readily dissociate

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7
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Hydrogen and carbon
-“ like dissolves like”
Nonpolar molecule
Soluble and nonpolar organic solvent

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8
Q

Alkanes

A

Single bond
Pentane

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9
Q

Alkenes

A

Double bond
Ch2= ch2
Hexene

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10
Q

Alkyne

A

Triple bond
_
HC=CH
Pentyne

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11
Q

Hydrocarbon saturation

A

No double or triple bond
-filled of hydrogen
* only alkanes*

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12
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Double or triple bond
Alkenes or alkynes

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13
Q

Molecular formula

A

C3H8

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14
Q

Structural formula

A

H
I
H— C—H
I
H

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15
Q

Condensed formula

A

Ch3ch2ch2ch3

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16
Q

Names

A

1-methane
2-ethane
3-propane
4-butane
5-pentane
6-hexane
7-Heptane
8-octane
9-nonane
10-decane

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17
Q

Cis- isomer

A

Two groups on same side

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18
Q

Trans- isomer

A

Two groups on opposite sides of eachother

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19
Q

Two confirmations of ethane

A

Staggered confirmation and eclipsed confirmation

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20
Q

To confirmations of butane

A

Staggered and eclipsed

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21
Q

Benzene structure

A

Ring C6H6
- trigonal planar 120°

22
Q

Does benzene reaction require a catalyst?

A

Yes

23
Q

Why does alcohol have a high boiling point?

A

Because it’s the increase of hydrogen bonding creates higher temperatures

24
Q

Components of alcohols

A

Polar
Soluble in water
Hydrophilic

25
Q

What determines solubility of alcohol?

A

The ratio of hydroxyl groups to carbons in the chain

26
Q

Methanol components

A

Colorless odorless liquid
Used as a solvent
Used as fuel

27
Q

And then all components

A

Alcoholic beverages
Fermentation of carbohydrates

28
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrins
- gain of O2
Loss in H+

29
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons
- loss of H+
- gain in O2

30
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons
- loss of O2
- gain in H+

31
Q

Oxidation of tertiary alcohols

A

No reaction

32
Q

What is NAD+ for?

A

Enzyme commonly involved in biological oxidation reduction reactions

33
Q

What is NAD+ for?

A

Enzyme commonly involved in biological oxidation reduction reactions

34
Q

Phenols

A

hydroxyl group attached
- polar

35
Q

Ethers

A

R-O-R
-oCh3 = methoxy

36
Q

Aldehydes and keytones

A

Polar compounds
Cannot form hydrogen bonds

37
Q

Naming aldehydes

A

Methanal
Butanal

38
Q

What do aldehydes oxidize to?

A

Carboxylic acids

39
Q

Tollens test

A

Smooth silver mirror

40
Q

Benedict’s test

A

Only reacts with aldehydes
Turns into red brick color

41
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

Two very polar functional groups
Ethanoic acid

42
Q

Naming esters

A

O
II
CH3CH2CH2C- OCH2CH3
First portion: butanoix acid
Second potion: ethyl

  • ethyl botanic acid
43
Q

Hydrolysis of Esther

A

A bond broken by the addition of a water molecule

44
Q

Polyesters

A

Condensation polymers

45
Q

Anhydride

A

Without water

46
Q

Formation of acid anhydrides

A

R1cooh + HOCOR2
= h20+ R1COO-COR2

47
Q

Phosphoester

A

Phosphoric acid reacts with alcohols to produce phosphate Ester

48
Q

Acetyl coenzyme A

A

Activates acyl groups to produce thioester

49
Q

Naming amides

A

Methanamide
N-methylethanamide
Propanamide

50
Q

Naming amines

A

Ch3-NH2
Methylamine

Biochem (8 decks)

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