Module 3 Flashcards
Isomer
Two organic compounds that have the same number of atoms, but different structures
Isomer
Two organic compounds that have the same number of atoms, but different structures
Difference between organic and inorganic compounds
- Organic have covalent bonds
- non polar= hydrophobic
- Inorganic has ionic bonds
- polar= hydrophilic
Do non-electrolytes have charges
No charge
Organic compounds
-Lower melting points
Nonpolar
-London dispersion
Water insoluble
In organic compounds
Higher melting point
- Ionic bonds require more energy to break
Water soluble
-Readily dissociate
Hydrocarbons
Hydrogen and carbon
-“ like dissolves like”
Nonpolar molecule
Soluble and nonpolar organic solvent
Alkanes
Single bond
Pentane
Alkenes
Double bond
Ch2= ch2
Hexene
Alkyne
Triple bond
_
HC=CH
Pentyne
Hydrocarbon saturation
No double or triple bond
-filled of hydrogen
* only alkanes*
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Double or triple bond
Alkenes or alkynes
Molecular formula
C3H8
Structural formula
H
I
H— C—H
I
H
Condensed formula
Ch3ch2ch2ch3
Names
1-methane
2-ethane
3-propane
4-butane
5-pentane
6-hexane
7-Heptane
8-octane
9-nonane
10-decane
Cis- isomer
Two groups on same side
Trans- isomer
Two groups on opposite sides of eachother
Two confirmations of ethane
Staggered confirmation and eclipsed confirmation
To confirmations of butane
Staggered and eclipsed
Benzene structure
Ring C6H6
- trigonal planar 120°
Does benzene reaction require a catalyst?
Yes
Why does alcohol have a high boiling point?
Because it’s the increase of hydrogen bonding creates higher temperatures
Components of alcohols
Polar
Soluble in water
Hydrophilic
What determines solubility of alcohol?
The ratio of hydroxyl groups to carbons in the chain
Methanol components
Colorless odorless liquid
Used as a solvent
Used as fuel
And then all components
Alcoholic beverages
Fermentation of carbohydrates
Oxidation
Loss of electrins
- gain of O2
Loss in H+
Reduction
Gain of electrons
- loss of H+
- gain in O2
Reduction
Gain of electrons
- loss of O2
- gain in H+
Oxidation of tertiary alcohols
No reaction
What is NAD+ for?
Enzyme commonly involved in biological oxidation reduction reactions
What is NAD+ for?
Enzyme commonly involved in biological oxidation reduction reactions
Phenols
hydroxyl group attached
- polar
Ethers
R-O-R
-oCh3 = methoxy
Aldehydes and keytones
Polar compounds
Cannot form hydrogen bonds
Naming aldehydes
Methanal
Butanal
What do aldehydes oxidize to?
Carboxylic acids
Tollens test
Smooth silver mirror
Benedict’s test
Only reacts with aldehydes
Turns into red brick color
Carboxylic acids
Two very polar functional groups
Ethanoic acid
Naming esters
O
II
CH3CH2CH2C- OCH2CH3
First portion: butanoix acid
Second potion: ethyl
- ethyl botanic acid
Hydrolysis of Esther
A bond broken by the addition of a water molecule
Polyesters
Condensation polymers
Anhydride
Without water
Formation of acid anhydrides
R1cooh + HOCOR2
= h20+ R1COO-COR2
Phosphoester
Phosphoric acid reacts with alcohols to produce phosphate Ester
Acetyl coenzyme A
Activates acyl groups to produce thioester
Naming amides
Methanamide
N-methylethanamide
Propanamide
Naming amines
Ch3-NH2
Methylamine
