Module 1 Flashcards
How to calculate volume
L x W x H
Sig figs
3.400 —->
0.0087 ——>
2400—->
- 4 sf
- 2 sf
- 2 sf
Definition of accuracy
The degree between the true value in the measured value
The definition of precision
A measure of the agreements of replicated measurements
Kilograms to milligrams
1 kg= 10^3 g
1 g= 10^3 mg
Conversion factor between Fahrenheit and Celsius
TF: 1.8x T° C +32
TC: T°F -32
————
1.8
Converting to kelvin
T°C + 273.15
Density
D= m/ v
What does the mass number of an element mean?
Proton and neutron
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons
What are isotopes?
Adam saw the same element with different masses
Calculating atomic mass of isotopes
Convert the percentage to a fraction (divide by 100).
Then multiply by the atomic mass (amu)
Then add both amu together
Classification of metals and nonmetals
Metals: Elements that tend to lose electrons
Nonmetals: elements that gain electrons
Sublevels
S, P, D, F
S: 2
P: 6
D: 10
F: 14
Cations and anions
Cations are metals that form positive charges
Anions are nonmetals that form negative charges
The size of atoms on the periodic table
The size decreases by going across
The size increases by going down the table
The size of relative energy in ions of atoms
The size increases going down
The size increases by going across the table
Definition of ionic bond
Transfer of electrons between the metal and a nonmetal
Covalent bond
Sharing of electrons between two metals
Naming ionic compounds
Na2o= sodium oxide
Li2O= lithium oxide
FeCl2= iron (II) chloride
Polyatomic, cations and anions
BaSO4= barium sulfate
CuHCO3= Copper I bicarbonate
Naming covalent compound
SiO2- silicon dioxide
CCl4= carbon tetra chloride
Non-electrolytes
Covalent solids that don’t associate and don’t conduct electricity
Lewis structures
H2O: H—O—H
N2: :N (triple bond) N:
Geometric shaping of electron pairs
2 atoms, 0 lone pairs, 180°, linear
Three, 0 lone pairs, 120, trigonal planar
-2 atoms, 1 loan pair,< 120° degrees, bent
-4 atoms, 0 law pairs, 109.5°, tetrahedral
-3 atoms, 1 lone pair,~ 107°, trigonal pyramidal
-Adams, two pairs,~ 104.5°, bent
Mass to amu
1 amu= 1.661 x10^-24g
Converting of massive atoms
_ amu • 1.661 x10^-23g / 1 amu= _ g
Avocado’s number
1 mole= 6.022×10^23 atoms
Atoms to moles
_ atoms • 1mol / avagad. # =_ moles
Grams to sulfur
Grams to moles/ mol.mass to atoms/ A#
Four types of chemical reactions
- Combination.
- Decomposition.
- Single replacement.
- Double replacement.
Combination reaction
A+ B-> AB
Decomposition reaction
AB-> A + B
Single replacement reaction
A+ BC -> B + AC
Double replacement reactions
AB + CD -> AD + CB
Moles to mole conversion factor
_ moles • moles/ moles = _ moles
Moles to grams
Moles • _ g/ moles
Look at coefficients in equation
Theoretical yield
Finding the lesser number from two different conversion factors (in grams)
Percent yield
Actual yield
—————- • 100. =
Theoretical yield
Percent yield
Actual yield
—————- • 100. =
Theoretical yield
