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Endocrine > Module 4-6 TBL Questions > Flashcards

Module 4-6 TBL Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormones do thyroid follicular cells secrete?

A

thyroxine and triiodothyronine

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2
Q

What ion is required to produce thyroid hormone?

A

iodide

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3
Q

Which protein molecule is used to synthesize thyroid hormone?

A

thyroglobulin

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4
Q

The majority of triiodothyronine travels bound to:

A

thyroxine binding globulin

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5
Q

How long can thyroid follicles store thyroid hormones?

A

2-3 months

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6
Q

What is the storage form of thyroid hormone?

A

T4

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7
Q

What enzyme is required to oxidize iodide?

A

peroxidase

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8
Q

Which thyroid hormone is released into circulation about every 24 hours?

A

T3

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9
Q

Which AA is required to produce thyroid hormone?

A

tyrosine

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10
Q

Which substance converts the storage form of thyroid hormone into the bioactive form?

A

thyroid deiodinase

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11
Q

What is the primary function of thyroid hormone?

A

increase metabolism

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12
Q

Normal levels of thyroid hormone effect the following EXCEPT:
A) CNS activity
B) bone growth
C) depletion of B vits
D) increases rate and depth of respiration
E) cardiac output

A

C) depletion of B vits

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13
Q

Which condition increases serum cholesterol?

A

hypothyroidism

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14
Q

Which condition leads to weight gain with loss of appetite?

A

hypothyroidism

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15
Q

Why is normal levels of thyroid hormone helpful for you to do well on national board exams?

A

it will increase your ability to think, reason, and make judgements

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16
Q

Which enzyme cleaves iodine from unreleased thyroid hormone to be recycled?

A

deiodinase

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17
Q

What is the main component of the colloid substance inside a thyroid follicle?

A

thyroglobulin

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18
Q

Thyroid follicles are formed from

A

cuboidal epithelium

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19
Q

The hypothalamus secretes ________ which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete _________ which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone

A

TRH, TSH

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20
Q

Which condition can cause polymenorrhea?

A

hyposecretion of thyroid hormone

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21
Q

Which condition will show TSAb or TSI in plasma?

A

Grave’s disease

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22
Q

What is the incidence of hyperthyroidism?

A

4 female: 1 male

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23
Q

Why is it difficult to diagnose early stages of Hashimoto’s disease?

A

damaged follicular cells dump stored thyroid hormones into circulation

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24
Q

What is the mechanism of cell destruction in Hashimoto’s?

A

lymphocytes destroy follicular cells

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25
A person with Grave's disease will have blood test showing:
low TSH and high thyroid hormones (T3/T4)
26
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have exophthalmos?
hyperthyroidism
27
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have weight gain despite decreased appetite?
hypothyroidism
28
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have diarrhea?
hyperthyroidism
29
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have brain fog?
hypothyroidism
30
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have thinning hair?
hypothyroidism
31
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have mild tremors?
hyperthyroidism
32
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have insomnia?
hyperthyroidism
33
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have bradycardia?
hypothyroidism
34
Does hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism have heat intolerance?
hyperthyroidism
35
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Grave's disease
36
What is the most severe and life threatening form of hypothyroidism?
myxedema
37
What is the primary cause of endemic goiter?
decreased dietary iodide
38
Grave's disease and Hashimoto's are both a result of
an autoimmune disorder
39
What does TRH bind to on the thyrotropic cells?
GPCRs
40
What is the HPA of thyroid hormone?
hypothalamus secretes TRH which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secreted TSH which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone
41
Grave's disease involves TSI stimulating the thyroid follicle to produce thyroid hormone for about _______ hours
12
42
These conditions manifest a goiter EXCEPT: A) myxedema B) Grave's C) Hashimoto's D) Cretinism
D) Cretinism
43
Which combination forms thyroxine? A) MIT and DIT B) DIT and DIT C) MIT and MIT
B) DIT and DIT
44
Why would a patient with long term hyperthyroidism present with decreased muscle tone?
excessive protein catabolism
45
Which condition causes high serum peroxidase antibody?
Hashimoto's
46
How does thyroid hormone affect the body in general?
increase metabolism
47
How will an increase in TRH affect the body?
increase TSH and increase T3/T4 levels
48
Which condition can cause high blood levels of cholesterol leading to atherosclerosis?
hypothyroidism
49
What is the embryonic origin of the adrenal medulla?
neural crest cells
50
The ________________ acts like a post-ganglionic axon releasing hormones into the bloodstream
adrenal medulla
51
Which structure produces androgens?
zona reticularis
52
Which structure produces aldosterone?
zona glomerulosa
53
Which structure produces cortisol?
zona fasciculata
54
These hormones are secreted when stimulated by ACTH EXCEPT: A) androgens B) cortisol C) aldosterone
C) aldosterone
55
Overproduction of which hormone stimulates skin melanocytes?
ACTH
56
Chronic hyper-secretion of this hormone can cause death of hipoocampal neurons
cortisol
57
Which hormone is released by ang II stimulation?
aldosterone
58
From which substance are all adrenal cortex hormones synthesized?
cholesterol
59
Which hormone is a glucocorticoid?
cortisol
60
Which adrenal structure produces NE and epi?
Adrenal medulla
61
What is another name for cortisol binding globulin that binds to cortisol in circulation?
transcortin
62
What is a cause of Addison's disease?
autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
63
Which hormone increases LDL receptors on the adrenal cortex membrane?
ACTH
64
What specifically causes Cushing's syndrome signs and symptoms?
hypersecretion of cortisol and androgens
65
The hypothalamus secretes _______ which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete _________ which stimulates the adrenal to produce androgens and ____________
CRH, ACTH, cortisol
66
Hypersecretion of __________ is responsible for the moon face edema associated with Cushing's syndrome
cortisol
67
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have high BP?
Cushing's
68
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have vertebral body compression fractures?
Cushing's
69
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have over-active immune system?
Addison's
70
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have hyperkalemia?
Addison's
71
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have hyponatremia?
Addison's
72
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have hyperglycemia?
Cushing's
73
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have decreased collagen production?
Cushing's
74
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have low blood volume?
Addison's
75
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have a copper tint to skin?
Addison's
76
Do patients with Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome have a buffalo hump?
Cushing's
77
Which condition is caused by a tumor of cortiotropic cells?
Cushing's syndrome
78
High plasma levels of this ion can stimulate the secretion of aldosterone?
potassium
79
What is the primary cause of purple striae associated with hypercortisolism?
decreased collagen production
80
How can Addison's disease affect serum cholesterol?
increase serum cholesterol due to lack of LDL receptors on adrenal cortex

Endocrine (20 decks)

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