Module 1-3 TBL Questions

Question 1

Which G protein subunit is bound to a GTP molecule?

Answer 1

alpha

Question 2

What is the cascade effect of a hormone?

Answer 2

when a small amount of hormone can initiate several reactions in a target cell

Question 3

G protein is activated by…

Answer 3

hormone binding with surface receptor

Question 4

All steroids are synthesized from…..

Answer 4

cholesterol

Question 5

Where in the cell are protein hormones stored?

Answer 5

vesicles

Question 6

What is the role of adenylate cyclase in the 2nd messenger system?

Answer 6

convert ATP into cAMP

Question 7

These chemicals are produced by a tissue that effects that same tissue

Answer 7

autocrines

Question 8

What are the 3 primary classes of hormones?

Answer 8

polypeptides, steroids, and amines

Question 9

All of the following types of hormones are water soluble EXCEPT:
A) catecholamines
B) polypeptides
C) proteins
D) steroids

Answer 9

D) steroids

Question 10

Where are target cell thyroid hormone receptors located?

Answer 10

within the nucleus

Question 11

How does a hormone activate a target cell?

Answer 11

by binding with a receptor

Question 12

What type of hormone binds with intracellular receptors?

Answer 12

steroid hormones

Question 13

What is the specific role of the alpha GTP G protein subunit?

Answer 13

bind with a specific transmembrane enzyme

Question 14

What is the role of cAMP in the second messenger system?

Answer 14

stimulate protein kinase

Question 15

How does the activated phospholipase C generate second messengers?

Answer 15

splits a phospholipid

Question 16

What is the role of calcium in the phospholipase C 2nd messenger mechanism?

Answer 16

stimulate target response by binding to calmodulin

Question 17

What is the shape of the G protein linked receptor?

Answer 17

serpentine

Question 18

What is the role of DAG in the phospholipase C second messenger mechanism?

Answer 18

activate protein kinase

Question 19

Which AAs are amine hormones synthesized from?

Answer 19

tyrosine

Question 20

Why do some hormones travel bound to a globular protein?

Answer 20

allow the hormone to remain in circulation longer

Question 21

Where is the hypothalamic stalk located?

Answer 21

between the mammillary bodies and the optic chiasma

Question 22

Which division of the nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus?

Answer 22

ANS

Question 23

Which endocrine gland does the hypothalamus control directly?

Answer 23

pituitary gland

Question 24

How is the posterior pituitary gland controlled by the hypothalamus?

Answer 24

nerve signals

Question 25

How is hormonal secretion of the anterior pituitary gland controlled?

Answer 25

hormonal signals

Question 26

How do hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

Answer 26

through the hypothalamic- hypophyseal portal

Question 27

How is the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system organized?

Answer 27

it consists of 2 capillary plexus connected by veins or venules

Question 28

Where is the primary capillary plexus located in the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system?

Answer 28

medial eminence

Question 29

What type of chemical messenger does the hypothalamic secrete at the median eminence?

Answer 29

hormones

Question 30

The anterior pituitary is controlled mostly by...

Answer 30

hypothalamic releasing hormones

Question 31

What tissue gives rise to the adenohypophysis?

Answer 31

Rathke's pouch

Question 32

The anterior pituitary is made up from 30-60% of these cells

Answer 32

somatotropes

Question 33

Which cell produces GH?

Answer 33

somatotropes

Question 34

Which cell produces LH?

Answer 34

gonadotropes

Question 35

Which cell produces ACTH?

Answer 35

corticotropes

Question 36

Which cell produces TSH?

Answer 36

thyrotropes

Question 37

Which cell produces PRL?

Answer 37

lactotropes

Question 38

Which cell produces FSH?

Answer 38

gonadotropes

Question 39

Which hypothalamic nucleus produced ADH?

Answer 39

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Question 40

Which hypothalamic nucleus produced GHRH?

Answer 40

arcuate

Question 41

Which hypothalamic nucleus produced oxytocin?

Answer 41

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Question 42

Which hypothalamic nucleus produced dopamine/PIH?

Answer 42

arcuate

Question 43

Which hypothalamic nucleus produced CRH?

Answer 43

paraventricular

Question 44

Which hypothalamic nucleus produced GnRH?

Answer 44

arcuate

Question 45

What class of hormones are pituitary hormones?

Answer 45

protein/polypeptides

Question 46

The hypothalamus secretes _______ which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete _________ which stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone

Answer 46

TRH, TSH

Question 47

How does ADH increase blood volume?

Answer 47

increases water permeability of collecting ducts

Question 48

What conditions stimulate the release of ADH?

Answer 48

high solute concentration of blood

Question 49

Hyposecretion of ADH can cause the following EXCEPT: A) body cells start to swell B) polyuria C) hypotension D) diabetes insipidus

Answer 49

A) body cells start to swell

Question 50

Which hormone is influenced by a positive feedback loop?

Answer 50

oxytocin

Question 51

Which condition will cause the secretion of oxytocin? Choose 3 -breast milk production -birthing labor -suckling -milk letdown

Answer 51

-birthing labor -suckling -milk letdown

Question 52

What is another name for growth hormone?

Answer 52

somatotopin

Question 53

Approx how long does GH circulate in the blood?

Answer 53

20 min

Question 54

What is the main general effect GH has on most tissues?

Answer 54

increases protein synthesis

Question 55

GH increases the use of _______ for fuel

Answer 55

FAs

Question 56

How does GH increase blood levels of glucose?

Answer 56

inhibits GLUT4 transport proteins and stimulates gluconeogenesis

Question 57

Why is GH considered diabetogenic?

Answer 57

it increases circulating glucose

Question 58

Oversecretion of GH can lead to ketosis by the following except: A) increases mobilization of FAs B) enhance conversion of FAs to acetyl coenzyme A C) decreased skeletal muscle intracellular glucose D) stimulates intracellular fat storage

Answer 58

D) stimulates intracellular fat storage

Question 59

IGF1 is synthesized by the ___________

Answer 59

liver

Question 60

The secretion of GH is elevated in the condition of chronic ____________ deficiency

Answer 60

protein *****if it would’ve said acute, then it would be carbs****

Question 61

Acromegaly is due to ______________________________ fusion of the epiphyses of the long bones

Answer 61

an excess of GH secretion after

Question 62

Which type of neuron fibers transport oxytocin and ADH to the neurohypophysis?

Answer 62

unmyelinated C

Question 63

Which condition is a result of complete lack of growth hormone but normal levels of all other anterior pituitary hormone?

Answer 63

dwarfism

Question 64

How is hormonal secretion of the posterior pituitary gland controlled?

Answer 64

nerve signals

Question 65

What is the embryological origin of the posterior pituitary?

Answer 65

neuroectoderm

Question 66

GH stimulates bone growth by....

Answer 66

stimulating osteoblast activity