Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Endocrine > Female Hormones HW Questions > Flashcards

Female Hormones HW Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is menarche?

A

onset of menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long is the average menstrual cycle (female sexual cycle)?

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal range of a menstrual cycle?

A

21-35 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is polymenorrhea?

A

menstrual flow less than 21 days apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is oligomenorrhea?

A

menstrual flow greater than 35 days apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

absent menstrual flow not associated with pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 primary cycles associated with the female sexual cycle?

A

ovarian cycle and uterine cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which female organs play a role in the menstrual cycle?

A

ovary and uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which organ controls the female sexual cycle?

A

ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

production of an ovum (egg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does oogenesis begin in the female?

A

in utero, before birth, around 5th week of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of the female stem (germ) cell?

A

oogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the primary oocyte until menarche?

A

stays suspended in that phase (arrested in prophase 1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the primary oocyte during the monthly menstrual cycle?

A

divides into a secondary oocyte and polar body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of oocyte is released during ovulation?

A

secondary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many chromosomes does a secondary oocyte contain?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What meiotic phase does the secondary oocyte stay in until a sperm enters the egg?

A

metaphase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Approx how many oocytes are viable at puberty?

A

about 300,000 (just remember that it is a small fraction of the amount initially produced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the hypothalamic pituitary axis for female reproductive physiology?

A

hypothalamus releases GnRH> anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH> FSH is primarily responsible for estrogen production and LH is primarily responsible for progesterone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase are which part of the menstrual (female sexual) cycle?

A

ovarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which hormone initiates the follicular phase?

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A few days after the follicular phase has begun this hormone is released

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the overall function of the follicular phase?

A

develop a primary oocyte into a mature ovum (egg) and produce estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the 1st type of cell to proliferate around the primary follicle in the follicular phase?

A

granulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the 2nd type of cell mass to develop around the basement membrane of the primary follicle?
theca
26
Theca cells are stimulated by _____ to produce ___________
LH, androgens
27
Granulosa cells are stimulated by FSH to convert androgens into _____________
estrogen
28
Which hormone does the follicular fluid produced by granulosa cells contain?
estrogen
29
Follicular fluid produced by granulosa cells creates a cavity called?
antrum
30
What is the initial effect of estrogen in follicular fluid on granulosa cells?
increase number of FSH receptors
31
What type of feedback mechanism does estrogen have on granulosa cell's estrogen production?
positive feedback
32
How does increased estrogen in follicular fluid and increased FSH stimulation affect granulosa cells?
stimulates them to produce LH receptors
33
How does LH affect granulosa cells?
stimulates them to produce progesterone
34
What effect does increased progesterone have on basal body temp?
increases
35
How many follicles typically grow to the vesicular phase during a cycle?
1
36
What is happening to the oocyte as the follicle grows?
it grows as well
37
What is atresia?
shrinkage of the follicles that did not mature during a follicular cycle
38
When does ovulation occur?
midpoint of the menstrual (female sexual) cycle
39
What is the primary hormone required for ovulation to occur?
LH
40
Which hormones increase during ovulation?
LH and FSH
41
Which hormone must spike higher than any other hormone to facilitate ovulation?
LH
42
How does the increase in LH affect granulosa and theca cells just before ovulation?
stimulates them both to produce progesterone
43
How does the LH surge affect a mature follicle?
it causes the follicle to move to the surface of the ovary and rupture releasing the ovum/egg
44
What happens to the follicle after it has ruptured?
all cells become luteinize and it becomes the corpus luteum
45
How does luteinization affect granulosa and theca cells?
allows them to produce large quantities of progesterone and estrogen without the influence of FSH and LH (more progesterone than estrogen)
46
What is the primary goal of the luteal phase?
have the corpus luteum secrete large amounts of estrogen and progesterone (more progesterone than estrogen) to prepare the uterus for implantation
47
How do luteinize cells affect FSH secretion?
they produce a hormone called inhibin that inhibits the anterior pituitary from releasing FSH
48
What happens to the corpus luteum if implantation does not occur?
approx 10 days after ovulation it will degenerate into a structure called the corpus albicans if implantation does not occur
49
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does occur?
it will continue to produce large quantity of estrogen and progesterone until the placenta takes over
50
What prevents the corpus luteum from degenerating?
human chorionic gonadotropin
51
Which process of the menstrual (female sexual) cycle directly affects the uterine cycle?
the ovarian cycle
52
What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?
proliferative, secretory, and menstrual
53
What happened to the endometrium during the menstrual phase?
sheds, sloughs off
54
Which hormone rises during the proliferative phase?
estrogen
55
What happens to the endometrium during the proliferative phase?
rebuilds
56
How does estrogen affect the uterine mucus plug?
thins it
57
What event signals the end of the proliferative phase?
ovulation
58
Which uterine phase begins immediately after ovulation?
secretory
59
What is progesterone's job during the secretory phase?
stimulate formation of spiral arteries, thicken the uterine mucus plug and inhibit LH
60
What happens to the spiral arteries if implantation does not occur?
first they vasoconstrict, then they vasodilate which causes them to rupture
61
What is the main type of estrogen produced by the ovaries?
beta estradiol
62
What is the primary function of ovarian estrogens?
growth and development of female sex organs
63
What is the primary function of ovarian progestins?
prepare uterus for pregnancy and breast for lactation
64
What effect does estrogen have on vaginal epithelial tissue?
increases thickness
65
What is the role of estrogen in oogenesis?
follicular growth
66
How does estrogen effect the uterus?
promotes regrowth of endometrium
67
How does estrogen affect the female breast?
initiates growth of stromal breast tissue and milk ducts
68
How does estrogen affect bone density?
promotes absorption of calcium and inhibits osteoclast activity
69
How does estrogen affect a female's height?
determines when the epiphyseal plates close
70
How does estrogen affect the skin?
increases thickness and vascularity
71
How does progesterone effect the endometrium during the luteal phase?
promotes secretory changes in preparation for implantation
72
How does progesterone prevent expelling an embryo?
decreases frequency of uterine contractions
73
How does progesterone affect the fallopian tubes after ovulation?
increases secretion of nutritive mucus
74
How does progesterone prepare the breast for lactation?
develops lobules and alveoli
75
How does menopause effect production of ovarian estrogen and progesterone?
it stops
76
Which placental hormone facilitates thyroid hormone secretion?
human chorionic gonadotropin
77
Which placental hormone is responsible for enlarging a female's reproductive organs and external genitalia?
estrogen
78
How does placental estrogen effect pelvic ligaments?
relaxes them
79
Which placental hormone stimulates endometrial decidual cell development?
progesterone
80
Which placental hormone decreases contractility of the pregnant uterus?
progesterone
81
Which placental hormone makes more glucose available to the fetus?
human chorionic somatomammotropin
82
How does pregnancy effect the anterior pituitary?
increases size
83
What is the function of relaxin hormone?
relaxes symphysis pubis ligament and softens cervix
84
Which placental hormone has vasodilator properties?
relaxin
85
Which hormone stimulates breast milk production?
prolactin
86
What type of secretion do breasts produce just prior to parturition and a few days after?
colostrum
87
What type of mechanism regulates prolactin secretion?
positive feedback

Endocrine (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions