ADH, oxytocin, and GH HW Questions

Question 1

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 1

ADH and oxytocin

Question 2

ADH and oxytocin are secreted by unmyelinated C fibers of __________________ neurons from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus

Answer 2

magnocellular

Question 3

Baroreceptors send signals to inhibit ADH secretion through the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves to the medulla oblongata, from there signals are carried to the hypothalamus through the __________________

Answer 3

tractus solitarius

Question 4

Which type of neuron fibers forms the hypothalamic hypophyseal tract from the hypothalamus through the infundibulum to the posterior pituitary?

Answer 4

Unmyelinated C

Question 5

Which hormone classification are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 5

Polypeptide

Question 6

ADH utilizes the _________ second messenger system to stimulate kidney tubule epithelial cells whereas vasopressin uses the ____________________ second messenger system to stimulate arteriole smooth muscle

Answer 6

cAMP, phospholipase C

Question 7

Which hormone causes kidneys to reabsorb water from collecting ducts?

Answer 7

ADH

Question 8

How does vasopressin affect blood vessels?

Answer 8

Vasoconstriction

Question 9

ADH will _____________ ECF while vasopressin will ___________ blood pressure

Answer 9

Increase, increase

Question 10

___________________ in the hypothalamus monitor the concentration of blood plasma

Answer 10

Osmoreceptors

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted when solute concentration of blood plasma is high and/or blood volume is low?

Answer 11

ADH

Question 12

What hormone stimulates thirst?

Answer 12

Ang II

Question 13

What conditions cause atrial stretch receptors to signal the hypothalamus to secrete ADH?

Answer 13

Lack of stretch

Question 14

What conditions cause the aortic and carotid baroreceptors to inhibit ADH secretion?

Answer 14

Excited by high pressure

Question 15

How does the lack of ADH affect the kidneys?

Answer 15

Reduced ability to reabsorb water

Question 16

How does lack of ADH affect urine concentration?

Answer 16

Diluted

Question 17

What happens to body fluids when there is a lack of ADH?

Answer 17

Decrease in volume

Question 18

Why does a lack of or resistance to ADH cause a headache?

Answer 18

Brain cells shrink

Question 19

What condition is due to hyposecretion of ADH or insensitivity of ADH receptors?

Answer 19

Diabetes insipidus

Question 20

How does oxytocin affect the pregnant uterus?

Answer 20

Stimulates contractions

Question 21

What action stimulates the release of oxytocin during labor?

Answer 21

Distension of cervix

Question 22

What action stimulates the release of oxytocin during breast feeding?

Answer 22

Suckling of nipples

Question 23

How are levels of oxytocin regulated?

Answer 23

Positive feedback

Question 24

What is the role of oxytocin in lactation?

Answer 24

Causes milk ejection

Question 25

The major target tissues of GH are….

Answer 25

bone and skeletal muscle

Question 26

The HPA for GH is the hypothalamus secretes _________ which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ________ which binds to almost all body cells to stimulate growth

Answer 26

GHRH, GH

Question 27

When does the body stop producing GH?

Answer 27

Never

Question 28

Growth hormone increases serum glucose by inhibiting GLUT4 receptors and stimulating liver ____________________

Answer 28

Gluconeogenesis

Question 29

GH can stimulate bone to grow in…..

Answer 29

Length and width

Question 30

What is the circadian rhythm of GH?

Answer 30

First 2 hours of deep sleep

Question 31

What healthy activity can stimulate GH secretion?

Answer 31

Strenuous exercise

Question 32

Under acute conditions, what is the strongest stimulus of GH secretion?

Answer 32

Hypoglycemia

Question 33

Under chronic conditions, what is the strongest stimulus of GH secretion?

Answer 33

Dietary protein deficiency

Question 34

What is the main physiological process GH stimulates in most tissues?

Answer 34

Increases rate of protein synthesis

Question 35

How does GH increase protein synthesis?

Answer 35

Promotes cellular uptake of AAs

Question 36

What effect does GH have on ribosomes?

Answer 36

Increases number and activity

Question 37

Why is GH called a protein sparer?

Answer 37

It decreases proteolysis

Question 38

How does GH indirectly increase serum insulin?

Answer 38

By increasing serum glucose

Question 39

Why is GH’s effect of stimulating liver gluconeogenesis short lived?

Answer 39

Because insulin inhibits liver gluconeogenesis

Question 40

How does insulin affect plasma AAs?

Answer 40

Promotes cellular uptake of AAs

Question 41

GH is a diabetogenic hormone because overproduction can cause

Answer 41

Pituitary diabetes

Question 42

What effect does GH have on fat metabolism?

Answer 42

Stimulates mobilization of FAs and limits storage

Question 43

How does excessive GH secretion lead to ketosis?

Answer 43

Too much acetoacetic acid produced

Question 44

How does GH stimulate bone growth?

Answer 44

Stimulates osteoblast activity

Question 45

What small protein does GH stimulate the liver to produce that has properties similar to insulin?

Answer 45

Insulin like growth factors (IGF1)

Question 46

What effect does IGF1 have on tissues?

Answer 46

Stimulates protein synthesis and bone growth

Question 47

Which congenital condition results from panhypopituitarism?

Answer 47

Dwarfism

Question 48

Approx 1/3 of Dwarfs experience puberty because they only lack…..

Answer 48

Growth hormone

Question 49

Which condition is a result of over production of GH before growth plates close?

Answer 49

Gigantism

Question 50

What can cause gigantism and or acromegaly?

Answer 50

Anterior pituitary tumor

Question 51

Which condition is a result of overproduction of GH after growth plates close?

Answer 51

Acromegaly