MODULE 4

Question 1

outer surface of plant cells that shapes, supports, and protects the cell.

Answer 1

Cell Wall

Question 2

a plant organelle responsible for carrying out photosynthesis.

Answer 2

Chloroplast

Question 2

an organelle that is a large, fluid-filled sac that stores metabolites and maintains turgor pressure.

Answer 2

Vacuole

Question 3

Plant Structural Systems

Answer 3

• Shoot system
• Root System

Question 4

includes structures above the ground such as leaves, stems, fruits and flowers.

Answer 4

Shoot system

Question 4

the outermost layer of cells found in all young plants.

Answer 4

Epidermis

Question 5

is responsible in minimizing water loss and in protecting the cell from bacteria and other organisms that might cause diseases.

Answer 5

Cuticle

Question 5

includes structures that lie below the ground and considered as the origin of plants such as the roots and tubers.

Answer 5

Root System

Question 6

consists of cells that form the outer protecting covering of the plants.

Answer 6

Dermal tissue

Question 7

In roots, epidermal cells have long, and slender projections called ___________. they have the ability to increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

Answer 7

Root hairs

Question 8

In leaves, lower epidermis contains specialized cells called _____________.

Answer 8

Guard cells

Question 8

In stems, epidermal cells produce hairs called _________ that protect the plant from too much sunlight which help conserve moisture.

Answer 8

Trichomes

Question 9

Guard cells contain chloroplasts and pores called ________ where gas exchange occurs.

Answer 9

stomata

Question 10

 Most abundant tissue found on plants. They are composed of big and thin-walled cells, with large vacuoles and air spaces in between the cells.
 provides support and storage of food.
 contribute mainly to penetration of light and regulation of gas exchange.

Answer 10

Parenchyma

Question 11

fills up the inner part of the plant. It consists of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

Answer 11

Ground tissue

Question 12

 composed of thick-walled cells with uneven thickness.
 often appears in bundles underneath the epidermis of plants. It is longer and its cell walls are flexible and strong.
 it is smaller than parenchyma cells. These cells support immature regions of plants.

Answer 12

Collenchyma

Question 13

 is composed of thick cell walls filled with lignin, with high resistance substance that makes the cells tough and hard.
 Cells of ____________ are mostly dead when reach maturity phase.
 provides support the matured regions of the plant.

Answer 13

Sclerenchyma

Question 13

 conveys or transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
 contains two types of conducting cells: tracheid and vessel element. Both cells are hollow and nonliving.

Answer 13

Xylem

Question 14

transports water and nutrients in the plant. It is made up of xylem, phloem, parenchyma, and cambium cells.

Answer 14

Vascular tissue

Question 15

is an elongated cell with oblique and tapering end walls.

Answer 15

Tracheid

Question 15

elements are long tubes which are made up of individual cells
that are open at each and are joined end to end to form the tubes.

Answer 15

Vessel elements

Question 16

 transports sucrose and other organic compounds from roots to leaves.
 is composed of sieve tube elements which are elongated and are arranged to form continuous sieve tubes. Sieve tubes elements have a cytoplasm but do not have nucleus.

Answer 16

Phloem

Question 17

consists of tightly packed cells that form continuous layers. It usually covers the body surface,
lines body cavities and forms glands.

Answer 17

Epithelial Tissue

Question 18

It is made up of single layer of cells. It is classified as
squamous, cuboidal, or columnar, depending on the shape of the cells.

Answer 18

Simple epithelial tissue

Question 19

are made up of cells that resemble rectangular pillars or columns, with nuclei located near the bottom of each cell. They are found in the lining of the digestive tract, where they efficiently absorb nutrients from the small intestine with the help of microvilli

Answer 19

Simple columnar epithelia

Question 19

are made up of thin and flattened cells. These are found in the linings of the blood vessels and air sacs of lungs.

Answer 19

Simple squamous epithelia

Question 20

are made up of box-shaped cells. These are found in the linings of the kidney tubules and other various organs where reabsorption of minerals and other substances takes place.

Answer 20

Simple cuboidal epithelia

Question 21

consists of two or more layers of cells. The nose, mouth, esophagus, anal canal, and vagina are lined with this kind of cells.

Answer 21

Stratified epithelial tissue

Question 22

consists of cells that secrete molecules. It is classified as either unicellular or multicellular. Unicellular glandular epithelium is made up of single epithelial cell such as mucus-secreting goblet cells within the columnar epithelium lining of the digestive tract.

Answer 22

Glandular epithelial tissue

Question 23

contains many collagens that are packed together. Compared to loose connective tissue, it has fewer cells, and its ECM is densely packed with collagen fibers.

Answer 23

Dense connective tissue

Question 24

is the most abundant and most distributed tissue in complex animals. It is made up of different types of cells and is responsible for supporting, connecting, and separating different tissues and organs in the body.

Answer 24

Connective Tissue

Question 24

is the most widely distributed type of connective tissue. It has an equal number of cells, fibers, and ground substance.

Answer 24

Loose connective tissue

Question 25

Reticular connective tissue is produced by modified fibroblasts called ________. It supports different organs such as lymphoid. It is also present in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen.

Answer 25

Reticular cells

Question 26

is a non-vascular tissue that connects bones and joints. It can also be found in the walls of the upper respiratory airways and external ear.

Answer 26

Cartilage

Question 27

is composed of cells within the extracellular matrix of fibers and ground substance.

Answer 27

Bone

Question 28

is a fluid connective tissue located in the blood vessels. It consists of formed elements and plasma.

Answer 28

Blood

Question 28

contains two principal types of cells: the neurons and the
neuroglia.

Answer 28

Nervous Tissue

Question 29

serves as the primary energy reservoir. It consists of cells filled with lipids called adipocytes.

Answer 29

Adipose tissue

Question 29

contain cells called muscle fibers which comprised of actin and myosin filaments that are responsible for the movement of animals.

Answer 29

Muscular Tissue

Question 30

has striated cells with multiple nuclei. It is found in muscles attached to skeleton. It is mainly responsible in voluntary movement of the body.

Answer 30

Skeletal muscle

Question 31

is made up of spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus each. These cells have no striations. It is found in the walls of digestive tract and blood vessels.

Answer 31

Smooth muscle

Question 32

is made up of branching striated cells with a single
nucleus each. The wall of the heart is made of ____________.

Answer 32

Cardiac muscle