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BIOLOGY_1st quarter > MODULE 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells contain small membrane bound structures called ___________ that performs specific functions.

A

Organelles

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2
Q

Cells have different parts called __________.

A

Organelles

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2
Q

These organelles are suspended in ___________ which is a viscous liquid found inside the cell membrane.

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

The cytoplasm houses the different organelles.

A

The cytoplasm houses the different organelles.

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4
Q

The _________ is important to the life of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

It is commonly known as the
“brain of the cell”.

A

The nucleus

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5
Q

It contains and stores all the genetic information for manufacturing proteins and responsible for controlling all cellular activities.

A

The nucleus

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6
Q

The ___________ is a network of strands that condenses and undergoes coiling into rod-like structures called ____________.

A

Chromatin, Chromosomes

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6
Q

Is a dark region of chromatin where a type of RNA, called ribosomal RNA (rRNA), is produced, and joins with proteins to form the subunits of ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

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6
Q

Contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), histones and some RNA (Ribonucleic Acid).

A

Chromatin

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7
Q

It is a double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

A

Nuclear envelope

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8
Q

The nuclear envelope has _______________ to permit the passage of RNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, and the passage of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.

A

Nuclear pores

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9
Q

It serves as the storage of genetic materials such as DNA and
RNA.

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

It controls other organelles by facilitating cell growth, cell division,
and protein synthesis.

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Are also known as the “protein factories of the cell”.

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

They are mainly responsible for protein synthesis in the cells.

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

They are usually dispersed in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Ribosomes

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14
Q

are composed of one large subunit and one small subunit.

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

The number of ____________ in a cell varies depending on its functions.

A

Ribosomes

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16
Q

receives vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum along the cis face.

A

Golgi Apparatus

16
Q

___________ receive mRNA from the nucleus, and this nucleic acid carries a coded message from DNA.

A

Ribosomes

17
Q

consists of the three major organelles that work together to perform different tasks such as packaging, producing, and exporting certain cellular products.

A

Endomembrane System

18
Q

consists of complicated system of membranous channels and flattened vesicles which is physically continuous to the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

19
Q

There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

20
Q

is studded with ribosomes on the side of the membrane that faces the cytoplasm. It is responsible for synthesizing proteins.

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

responsible for synthesizing lipids, such as phospholipids and steroids.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

21
Q

forms vesicles in which large molecules are transported to other parts of the cell.

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

are a stack of curved, flattened sacs, which can be compared to a pile of pancakes.

A

Golgi Apparatus (Dictyosomes)

23
Q

are membrane-bounded vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus.

A

Lysosomes

24
Q

are very acidic and contain powerful hydrolytic digestive enzymes that require a low–pH environment.

A

Lysosomes

25
Q

are responsible for recycling cellular material and destroying
invading viruses and bacteria.

A

Lysosomes

26
Q

is a double membrane-bound organelle that is responsible for supplying and storing energy for the cell.

A

Mitochondrion

27
Q

Lysosomes also participate in a programmed cell death called ___________ which is a normal part of development.

A

Apoptosis

28
Q

It is often called the “powerhouse
of the cell.”

A

Mitochondrion (Mitochondria, plural)

29
Q

Mitochondrion produces most of the ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) which is used by the cell through the process called _______________.

A

Cellular respiration

30
Q

It is where the synthesis of energy in the form of ATP takes place which is required for other cell organelles to function.

A

Mitochondrion

31
Q

Mitochondria also help in the balancing of cations within the cell and assists the process of _____________.

A

Apoptosis

32
Q

It is a convenient way of removing cells that should not be longer part of the cell.

A

Apoptosis

33
Q

It is also known as “cellular suicide”.

A

Apoptosis

34
Q

A __________ contains a series of internal membrane or vesicles.

A

Chloroplast

34
Q

Mitochondria in the liver can detoxify ___________.

A

Ammonia

35
Q

Are plant and algal organelles that are bounded by a double
membrane.

A

Chloroplasts

36
Q

A chloroplast contains a series of internal membrane or vesicles. It contains DNA and chlorophyll which carry on photosynthesis. Its double membrane encloses a large space called _________.

A

Stroma

37
Q

are membrane-bounded vesicles that encloses enzymes.

A

Peroxisomes

38
Q

The enzymes in the _____________ are synthesized by free ribosomes and transported into the ____________.

A

Peroxisomes, cytoplasm

39
Q

Each peroxisome also carries enzymes which results in the formation of ______________.

A

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

40
Q

Peroxisomes can also detoxify some products of _____________.

A

Photosynthesis.

41
Q

Cell Organelle

A
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Peroxisomes
  • Mitochondrion
  • Vesicle
  • Lysosome
  • Centrioles
  • Nucleus

BIOLOGY_1st quarter (13 decks)

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