4 Mechanism of Evolution Flashcards
It is an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in an environment
Adaptation
Types of adaptation
Structural adaptations
Behavioral adaptation
Functional adaptation
MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
Natural Selection
Artificial selection
Mutation
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
is the process by which population of organisms with variations that help them survive in the environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation.
Natural selection
Explains how populations change as their environments change.
Natural selection
- A slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of a species
- Occur in the offspring as a result of sexual reproduction
Variation
Stages of Natural Selection
Reproduction
Variation
Competition
Selection
ELEMENTS OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION
Competition
Variation
Heritability
Iteration
Many more individuals are born than survive
COMPETITION
Individuals vary in traits directly related to their ability to survive and reproduce
VARIATION
These advantageous traits are passed onto offspring
HERITABILITY
This process is repeated generation after generation over long periods of time
ITERATION
Is the identification of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
Artificial selection
The breeding of organisms for desired characteristics is called
Selective breeding
caused by random mutations or change in genes.
Variation
Mutation can lead to changes in
Phenotype
A change in the frequency of gene variants, alleles, in a population over generations.
Microevolution
Formation of new groups or species, and happens over long time periods
Macroevolution
The change in the gene pool of a small population that takes place strictly by chance.
Genetic Drift
2 Types of Genetic Drift
Bottleneck effect
Founder effect
A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events
Bottleneck effect
A small group of individuals colonize a new habitat
Founder effect
The movement of alleles into or out of a population
Gene Flow
Population’s genetic variation increases when alleles are added to the population.
Migration
Population’s genetic variation decreases when alleles leave.
Emigration
Published his work in the Transactions of the Brunn Society of Natural History in 1866.
Gregor Mendel
