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BMSC 210 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

Microbial Growth

1
Q

Photo-

A

light energy

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2
Q

Autotroph

A

CO2 carbon

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3
Q

Heterotroph

A

organic or chemical carbon

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4
Q

-litho-

A

inorganic electron donor

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5
Q

-organo-

A

organic electron donor

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6
Q

chemo-

A

chemical energy source

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7
Q

breakdown of carbs require
but generate

A

energy
electrons and energy

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8
Q

different forms of energy (5)

A

glucose
cellulose
DNA
fats
proteins

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9
Q

ATP yields
aerobic
anaerobic
fermentation

A

aerobic=38
anaerobic=5-36
fermentation=2

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10
Q

how does fermentation work?

A

does not require oxygen
synthesizes ATP from an energy rich intermediate by substrate level phosphorylation

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11
Q

what can be fermented

A

need to be organic
sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, aromatic compounds

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12
Q

homofermentation

A

1 product

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13
Q

heterofermentation

A

2 products

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14
Q

chemolitotrophic microbes

A

eat rocks for energy and use CO2 as carbon

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15
Q

goal of biosynthesis

A

fix co2 to accumulate biomass

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16
Q

how do most bacteria divide

A

binary fission

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17
Q

how do planctomycetes divide

A

budding

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18
Q

5 step bacterial cell cycle

A

chromosome replication
elongation
segregation
z ring formation
division

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19
Q

what is different about the chlamydia cell cycle

A

z ring is made of peptidoglycan not cell wall

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20
Q

4 steps of biofilm formation

A

attachment
growth
maturation
detachment

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21
Q

when do antibiotics not work

A

when cells are not metabolically active

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22
Q

direct microscopy counting

A

grid slide
cant tell dead/alive

23
Q

direct counting using current (coulter current)

A

measures current passing through solution
cant tell alive/dead

24
Q

indirect dilution

A

measures metabolically active bacteria by CFU
may miscount if there’s biofilm

25
Q

2 options for plating

A

mix with agar and pour
spread over agar

26
Q

most probable number method

A

colour changes as coliforms ferment lactose and produce acid

27
Q

turbidimetric (optical density)

A

looks at dispersion of light
cant tell live/dead

28
Q

4 bacterial growth stages, describe

A
  1. lag phase-in increase in living cell numbers
  2. log/exponential phase- exponential increase in living cells (phase susceptible to antibiotics)
  3. stationary phase- rate division=rate death
  4. decline phase= exponential death
29
Q

essential nutrients for lab growth (9)

A

carbon
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur
e donor
e acceptor
enzyme cofactors
anabolism
catabolism

30
Q

Auxotroph

A

needs addition of specific macromolecules

31
Q

prototroph

A

self suffiecient

32
Q

copiotroph

A

requires high levels of nutrients

33
Q

oligotroph

A

requires low levels of nutrients

34
Q

defined medium

A

know ingredients and quantities

35
Q

complex medium

A

composition unknown

36
Q

minimal medium

A

meets minimum composition requirement

37
Q

differential medium

A

distinguishes between types of bacteria

38
Q

why does agar work better than gelatin

A

higher melting point
less digestible

39
Q

chemostat

A

allows for replicating natural environment by removing waste as bacteria grow so it doesn’t become toxic

40
Q

obligate aerobes

41
Q

obligate anaerobes

42
Q

faculative anaerobes

43
Q

aerotolerant anaerobes

A

even distribution of o2 and not

44
Q

microaerophiles

A

handle o2 in small amounts

45
Q

anaerobic chamber

A

gas exchange controlled

46
Q

psychrophile

A

cold loving

47
Q

mesophile

A

thermotolerant

48
Q

thermophile

A

love warmth

49
Q

hyperthermophile

A

love super hot

50
Q

non halophile M

51
Q

halotolerant M

52
Q

Halophile M

53
Q

Extreme halophile M

54
Q

barophiles

A

high atmospheric pressure

BMSC 210 (10 decks)

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