Module 33 - Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy Flashcards
what is the origin/head of a muscle
muscle end attached to more stationary of two bones
what is the insertion of a muscle
muscle end attached to bone with greatest movement
what is the belly of a muscle
largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion
what are tendons
attach muscle to bones
what is an aponeurosis
a very broad tendon
differentiate agonist and antagonist
agonist: muscle that, when it contracts, causes an action
antagonist: a muscle working in opposition to agonist.
what are synergists
muscles that work together to cause a movement
differentiate primer mover and fixators
prime mover: plays major role in accomplishing movement
fixator: stabilize joints crossed by the prime mover; prevent movement of the origin of the prime mover
what is flexion in general for head and neck muscles
muscles deep within the neck along the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies
what is extension in general for head and neck muscles
posterior neck muscles attached to occipital bone and mastoid process
rotation and lateral flexion is from which groups in head and neck muscles
lateral and posterior groups
give 2 examples of prime movers in head and neck
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
muscles that move the vertebral column…
extend, laterally flex and rotate the vertebral column
differentiate deep and superficial groups in vertebral column
deep = from vertebra to vertebra
superficial = extend from vertebrae to ribs
give an example of a muscle that moves the vertebral column
erector spinae (prime movers of back extensions)
why is the vertebral column muscles vulnerable to injury when stretched
slow twitch => less force, more endurance
what are thoracic muscles involved in?
breathing
what are the four groups associated with rib cage? (name them only)
scalenes, external intercostals, internal intercostals, transverse thoracis
what is scalenes
elevate first two ribs during inspiration
what is external and internal intercostals
external: elevate ribs
internal: depress ribs during expiration
what is transversus thoracis
depresses ribs during expiration
what do the middle and posterior scalene do
help with pulling
what is the role of the diaphragm
major movement of inspiration. flattens during contraction and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
what is the role of the abdominal wall
flex and rotate vertebral column, decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities.
aid in forced expiration, vomiting, defecation, urination, childbirth.
explain why there are crossing pattern in the abdominal wall
crossing pattern of muscles adds strength to abdominal wall to support organs
which out of these has a function of only compression?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis
transversus abdominis
which out of these has a function of compression?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis
all of them
which out of these has a function of flexion?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
which out of these has a function of rotation?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis
external and internal abdominal oblique
which out of these is the deepest? what about the most medial?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis
deepest: transversus abdominis
medial: rectus abdominis
what is the role of muscles for scapular movements
muscles that attach the upper limb to the body and move or stabilize the scapula and clavicle.
originate on the axial skeleton.
role of trapezius
elevate/depress scapula and rotates it
what is the difference between the role of the trapezius and the levator scapulae
they both elevate and rotate the scapula but only the trapezius depresses it
what muscle attached to the scapula does the “row” action
rhomboideus (rhomboid)
which muscle attached to the scapula is said to be the “boxer muscle”
serratus anterior
what is the role of the serratus anterior
holds scapula in place
what is the role of the pectoralis minor
depresses scapula
