Module 33 - Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the origin/head of a muscle

A

muscle end attached to more stationary of two bones

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2
Q

what is the insertion of a muscle

A

muscle end attached to bone with greatest movement

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3
Q

what is the belly of a muscle

A

largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion

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4
Q

what are tendons

A

attach muscle to bones

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5
Q

what is an aponeurosis

A

a very broad tendon

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6
Q

differentiate agonist and antagonist

A

agonist: muscle that, when it contracts, causes an action
antagonist: a muscle working in opposition to agonist.

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7
Q

what are synergists

A

muscles that work together to cause a movement

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8
Q

differentiate primer mover and fixators

A

prime mover: plays major role in accomplishing movement
fixator: stabilize joints crossed by the prime mover; prevent movement of the origin of the prime mover

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9
Q

what is flexion in general for head and neck muscles

A

muscles deep within the neck along the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies

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10
Q

what is extension in general for head and neck muscles

A

posterior neck muscles attached to occipital bone and mastoid process

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11
Q

rotation and lateral flexion is from which groups in head and neck muscles

A

lateral and posterior groups

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12
Q

give 2 examples of prime movers in head and neck

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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13
Q

muscles that move the vertebral column…

A

extend, laterally flex and rotate the vertebral column

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14
Q

differentiate deep and superficial groups in vertebral column

A

deep = from vertebra to vertebra
superficial = extend from vertebrae to ribs

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15
Q

give an example of a muscle that moves the vertebral column

A

erector spinae (prime movers of back extensions)

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16
Q

why is the vertebral column muscles vulnerable to injury when stretched

A

slow twitch => less force, more endurance

17
Q

what are thoracic muscles involved in?

18
Q

what are the four groups associated with rib cage? (name them only)

A

scalenes, external intercostals, internal intercostals, transverse thoracis

19
Q

what is scalenes

A

elevate first two ribs during inspiration

20
Q

what is external and internal intercostals

A

external: elevate ribs
internal: depress ribs during expiration

21
Q

what is transversus thoracis

A

depresses ribs during expiration

22
Q

what do the middle and posterior scalene do

A

help with pulling

23
Q

what is the role of the diaphragm

A

major movement of inspiration. flattens during contraction and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

24
Q

what is the role of the abdominal wall

A

flex and rotate vertebral column, decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities.
aid in forced expiration, vomiting, defecation, urination, childbirth.

25
explain why there are crossing pattern in the abdominal wall
crossing pattern of muscles adds strength to abdominal wall to support organs
26
which out of these has a function of only compression? external and internal abdominal oblique rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
transversus abdominis
27
which out of these has a function of compression? external and internal abdominal oblique rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
all of them
28
which out of these has a function of flexion? external and internal abdominal oblique rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
external and internal abdominal oblique rectus abdominis
29
which out of these has a function of rotation? external and internal abdominal oblique rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
external and internal abdominal oblique
30
which out of these is the deepest? what about the most medial? external and internal abdominal oblique rectus abdominis transversus abdominis
deepest: transversus abdominis medial: rectus abdominis
31
what is the role of muscles for scapular movements
muscles that attach the upper limb to the body and move or stabilize the scapula and clavicle. originate on the axial skeleton.
32
role of trapezius
elevate/depress scapula and rotates it
33
what is the difference between the role of the trapezius and the levator scapulae
they both elevate and rotate the scapula but only the trapezius depresses it
34
what muscle attached to the scapula does the "row" action
rhomboideus (rhomboid)
35
which muscle attached to the scapula is said to be the "boxer muscle"
serratus anterior
36
what is the role of the serratus anterior
holds scapula in place
37
what is the role of the pectoralis minor
depresses scapula
38