Module 33 - Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy

Question 1

what is the origin/head of a muscle

Answer 1

muscle end attached to more stationary of two bones

Question 2

what is the insertion of a muscle

Answer 2

muscle end attached to bone with greatest movement

Question 3

what is the belly of a muscle

Answer 3

largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion

Question 4

what are tendons

Answer 4

attach muscle to bones

Question 5

what is an aponeurosis

Answer 5

a very broad tendon

Question 6

differentiate agonist and antagonist

Answer 6

agonist: muscle that, when it contracts, causes an action
antagonist: a muscle working in opposition to agonist.

Question 7

what are synergists

Answer 7

muscles that work together to cause a movement

Question 8

differentiate primer mover and fixators

Answer 8

prime mover: plays major role in accomplishing movement
fixator: stabilize joints crossed by the prime mover; prevent movement of the origin of the prime mover

Question 9

what is flexion in general for head and neck muscles

Answer 9

muscles deep within the neck along the anterior margins of the vertebral bodies

Question 10

what is extension in general for head and neck muscles

Answer 10

posterior neck muscles attached to occipital bone and mastoid process

Question 11

rotation and lateral flexion is from which groups in head and neck muscles

Answer 11

lateral and posterior groups

Question 12

give 2 examples of prime movers in head and neck

Answer 12

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 13

muscles that move the vertebral column…

Answer 13

extend, laterally flex and rotate the vertebral column

Question 14

differentiate deep and superficial groups in vertebral column

Answer 14

deep = from vertebra to vertebra
superficial = extend from vertebrae to ribs

Question 15

give an example of a muscle that moves the vertebral column

Answer 15

erector spinae (prime movers of back extensions)

Question 16

why is the vertebral column muscles vulnerable to injury when stretched

Answer 16

slow twitch => less force, more endurance

Question 17

what are thoracic muscles involved in?

Answer 17

breathing

Question 18

what are the four groups associated with rib cage? (name them only)

Answer 18

scalenes, external intercostals, internal intercostals, transverse thoracis

Question 19

what is scalenes

Answer 19

elevate first two ribs during inspiration

Question 20

what is external and internal intercostals

Answer 20

external: elevate ribs
internal: depress ribs during expiration

Question 21

what is transversus thoracis

Answer 21

depresses ribs during expiration

Question 22

what do the middle and posterior scalene do

Answer 22

help with pulling

Question 23

what is the role of the diaphragm

Answer 23

major movement of inspiration. flattens during contraction and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Question 24

what is the role of the abdominal wall

Answer 24

flex and rotate vertebral column, decrease volume of abdominal and thoracic cavities.
aid in forced expiration, vomiting, defecation, urination, childbirth.

Question 25

explain why there are crossing pattern in the abdominal wall

Answer 25

crossing pattern of muscles adds strength to abdominal wall to support organs

Question 26

which out of these has a function of only compression?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis

Answer 26

transversus abdominis

Question 27

which out of these has a function of compression?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis

Answer 27

all of them

Question 28

which out of these has a function of flexion?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis

Answer 28

external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis

Question 29

which out of these has a function of rotation?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis

Answer 29

external and internal abdominal oblique

Question 30

which out of these is the deepest? what about the most medial?
external and internal abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis

Answer 30

deepest: transversus abdominis
medial: rectus abdominis

Question 31

what is the role of muscles for scapular movements

Answer 31

muscles that attach the upper limb to the body and move or stabilize the scapula and clavicle.
originate on the axial skeleton.

Question 32

role of trapezius

Answer 32

elevate/depress scapula and rotates it

Question 33

what is the difference between the role of the trapezius and the levator scapulae

Answer 33

they both elevate and rotate the scapula but only the trapezius depresses it

Question 34

what muscle attached to the scapula does the “row” action

Answer 34

rhomboideus (rhomboid)

Question 35

which muscle attached to the scapula is said to be the “boxer muscle”

Answer 35

serratus anterior

Question 36

what is the role of the serratus anterior

Answer 36

holds scapula in place

Question 37

what is the role of the pectoralis minor

Answer 37

depresses scapula

Question 38

Answer 38