Module 20 - Special Senses: Smell Flashcards
What are the two categories senses are separated into? What differentiates them?
General senses: Receptors distributed over a large part of the body
Special senses: Receptors localized within specific organs.
5 components making up special senses
smell
taste
sight
hearing
balance
General senses are separated into 2 categories. What are they and what are their characteristics?
Somatic: Located in skin, muscles, joints
Visceral: Located in internal organs
What makes up somatic senses? (5)
Touch
pressure
proprioception
temperature
pain
What makes up visceral senses? (2)
pain
pressure
What are the five types of receptors?
mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
thermoreceptors
photoreceptors
nociceptors
What are mechanoreceptors?
compression, bending, stretching of cells: Touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing, and balance
What are chemoreceptors?
chemicals become attached to receptors on their membranes: Smell and taste
What are thermoreceptors?
respond to changes in temperature
What are photoreceptors?
respond to light : vision
What are nociceptors?
extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli: Pain
What does the hard palate do in the nasal cavity?
Separates nasal and oral cavities
What does the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone do?
Its holes allow signals to move from nasal to cranial cavity.
Function of ridges in nasal cavity?
Swirls air around to direct it towards the olfactory region.
What kind of cells is the olfactory epithelium made of?
Epithelial cells, bipolar cells
Where are chemoreceptors located in the olfactory epithelium? Relate location with function.
in olfactory hairs (cilia).
- surrounded by mucus
- odorants need mucus to dissolve them to activate receptors/depolarization
7 classes of odors are
camphoraceous, musky, flora, pepperminty, ethereal, pungent, putrid
Differentiate primary and secondary olfactory area
Primary olfactory area (olfactory cortex) – conscious perception of smell – frontal & temporal lobes
Secondary olfactory area – visceral and emotional reactions to smell (connected to habenula, near corpus collosum)
Why does scent adaptation occur?
saturated receptors + synaptic inhibition
What covers windpipe in gustation
epiglottis
Give the 4 papillae
vallate papilla
foliate papilla
fungiform papilla
filiform papilla
what is vallate papilla
v shaped, taste receptors in pockets
– V-shaped border between anterior and posterior tongue
– largest, least numerous: 8 to 12
– have taste buds
what is foliate papilla
sides of tongue, leaf shape, degenerates the most with age
– sides of the tongue
– contain most sensitive taste buds; decrease in number with age.
what is fungiform papilla
on surface of tongue
– irregularly scattered on superior surface of tongue
– have taste buds
