Module 24 - Bone Tissue

Question 1

give the classification of bone tissue

Answer 1

Organization of collagen fibres within the bone matrix

Woven Bone
Randomly oriented collagen fibres (development and repair)
Remodeled

Lamellar Bone
Mature bone organized in sheets or layers (lamellae)

Question 2

give the types of lamellar bone

Answer 2

spongy (or cancellous or trabecular) bone and compact (or cortical) bone

Question 3

describe spongy bone

Answer 3

provides strength without extra mass, smooth outside because of compact bone

Question 4

describe compact bone

Answer 4

Question 5

what is trabeculae

Answer 5

connecting rods or plates in spongy bone

Question 6

describe spongy bone

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

From distal to proximal, describe the compact/cortical bone

Answer 9

medullary cavity > spongy bone > compact bone > periosteum

Question 10

list the different lamellae

Answer 10

interstitial, outer/inner circumferential, concentric lamellae

Question 11

in compact bone, the blood goes through the…

Answer 11

perforating and central canals

Question 12

what are the 2 components of the periosteum? describe them.

Answer 12

Inner Osteogenic Layer: Contains osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells; responsible for bone growth, repair, and remodeling; located close to the bone surface.

Outer Fibrous Layer: Made of dense, tough connective tissue; provides attachment for tendons and ligaments; protects the bone and connects it to surrounding structures.

Question 13

differentiate outer and inner circumferential lamellae

Answer 13

Outer Circumferential Lamellae: Located around the outer perimeter of the bone, just beneath the periosteum; provide structural support to the entire bone.

Inner Circumferential Lamellae: Located near the inner surface of the bone, adjacent to the endosteum; support the inner cavity of the bone.

Question 14

what is concentric lamellae

Answer 14

Concentric Lamellae: Circular layers surrounding each osteon (central canal); provide strength to resist twisting and bending.

Question 15

what is interstitial lamellae

Answer 15

Interstitial Lamellae: Irregularly shaped layers filling spaces between osteons; remnants of old osteons broken down during bone remodeling.

Question 16

central or haversian canals are ________ to long axis

Answer 16

parallel

Question 17

what is lamellae

Answer 17

rings of calcified matrix

Question 18

central canals are connected by _____ canals

Answer 18

perforating/Volkmann

Question 19

the endosteum lines the _____

Answer 19

medullary cavity

Question 20

the periosteum is the ____ layer while the endosteum is the ___ layer

Answer 20

outer, inner

Question 21

Answer 21

The central (Haversian) canals are unique to compact bone, as they run through osteons to provide blood and nutrients, a feature not present in the spongy (cancellous) bone structure.

Osteons are NOT found in spongy/cancellous bones

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

what is an osteon

Answer 23

An osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric layers of calcified matrix (lamellae) arranged around a central (Haversian) canal. This canal contains blood vessels and nerves, providing nutrients and support to bone cells (osteocytes) within the osteon.

Question 24

in a long bone, the shaft is called the…

Answer 24

diaphysis

Question 25

in a long bone, the end of the bone is called the...

Answer 25

epiphysis

Question 26

in a long bone, what is between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

Answer 26

metaphysis

Question 27

what is the epiphyseal plate

Answer 27

Hyaline cartilage - present until growth stops. The epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, is a layer of cartilage found at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. It allows bones to grow in length and eventually hardens into solid bone once growth is complete.

Question 28

what is the medullary cavity in long bones

Answer 28

children - red marrow Maturation - changes to yellow marrow in long bones and skull (except for proximal epiphyses of long bones)

Question 29

how do bones develop

Answer 29

through osteogenesis or ossification

Question 30

how do bones begin their development

Answer 30

Begins in embryo at ~8 weeks : mesenchyme becomes osteochondral progenitor cells *due to expansion of blood vessels

Question 31

differentiate intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification

Answer 31

Question 32

intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification produce what type of bone

Answer 32

woven bone to be remodeled

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

bone growth doesnt include...

Answer 37

interstitial bone growth

Question 38

bone growth has what type of growth

Answer 38

appositional growth

Question 39

what is the zone of Resting cartilage

Answer 39

Zone of Resting Cartilage: Slowly dividing chondrocytes

Question 40

what is the zone of proliferation

Answer 40

Zone of Proliferation: New cartilage is produced on the epiphyseal side of the plate as the chondrocytes divide and form stacks of cells

Question 41

what is the zone of hypertrophy

Answer 41

Zone of Hypertrophy: Chondrocytes mature and enlarge

Question 42

what is the zone of calcification

Answer 42

Zone of Calcification: Matrix is calcified, and chondrocytes die

Question 43

what is an ossified bone

Answer 43

Ossified bone: The cartilage on the diaphyseal side of the plate is replaced by bone.

Question 44

explain growth in bone thickness

Answer 44

Question 45

explain bone remodeling

Answer 45