Module 23 - Bone Tissue

Question 1

List the 5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

Question 2

how does the skeletal system provide support

Answer 2

through bones, cartilage and ligaments

Question 3

Bone is ___ while cartilage is ___

Answer 3

bone is hard while cartilage is flexible

Question 4

ligaments are bone to ___

Answer 4

bone to bone

Question 5

how does the skeletal system provide protection?

Answer 5

Skull around brain; ribs, sternum, vertebrae protect organs of thoracic cavity

Question 6

how does the skeletal system provide movement?

Answer 6

Produced by muscles on bones, via tendons

Question 7

how does the skeletal system provide storage?

Answer 7

Ca and P. Stored then released as needed. Fat stored in marrow cavities.

Ca: nervous system functions, muscle contractions…
P: ATP, metabolism…

Question 8

Differentiate the different bone marrows

Answer 8

yellow: adipose tissue
red: produces different cell types

Question 9

true or false
cartilage is:
firm
smooth
resilient
vascular

Answer 9

true
true
true
false, its avascular

Question 10

what gives cartilage its resistance

Answer 10

Cartilage cells & matrix (70-85% water, protein, ground substance)

Question 11

Give and describe the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 11

hyaline: most abundant
elastic: most flexible
fibrocartilage: strongest

Question 12

The main cell type of cartilage is…? where is it located?

Answer 12

chondrocyte, immature = chondroblast
located in a cavity, lacuna

Question 13

what is the perichondrium?

Answer 13

double layer of CT that covers most cartilage – nerve and blood supply

Question 14

what is articular cartilage

Answer 14

no perichondrium

Question 15

what is appositional growth

Answer 15

chondroblasts on surface grow

Question 16

what is interstitial growth

Answer 16

mature chondroblast grow

Question 17

What is the one huge difference between bone and cartilage that has to do with matrix

Answer 17

bone is constantly broken down and rebuilt, cartilage isn’t

Question 18

Give the ratios of bone matrix structure

Answer 18

65% inorganic – crystallized mineral salts
35% organic – collagen/proteoglycans, water

Question 19

what is hydroxyapatite

Answer 19

hydroxyapatite: calcium phosphate crystals (gets added to matrix for solidification)

Question 20

why do we need both organic and inorganic components in bone matrix

Answer 20

collagen/proteoglycans – flexible strength
mineral component – compressive (weight-bearing) strength

Question 21

without minerals the bone is…

Answer 21

extremely flexible

Question 22

without collagen the bone is…

Answer 22

brittle

Question 23

what do osteoblasts produce

Answer 23

Produce collagen and proteoglycans (vesicles)

Question 24

what do osteoblasts form? what is this responsible for?

Answer 24

Form matrix vesicles of Ca 2+ and PO43- hydroxyapatite. Responsible for ossification.

Question 25

what are Osteochondral progenitor cells? Describe their development.

Answer 25

Osteochondral progenitor cells: stem cells that can become osteoblasts or chondroblasts

Question 26

what is an osteocyte? where is it located?

Answer 26

osteocyte = osteoblast surrounded by bone matrix.Also located in a cavity - lacuna

Question 27

what is the role of osteocytes in the bones?

Answer 27

Considered inactive
Maintain ability to produce components necessary to maintain bone matrix

Question 28

what are osteoclasts

Answer 28

Large multi-nuclear cells
Formed from fusion of monocytes

Question 29

explain the function of osteoclasts

Answer 29

Resorption of bone
Acid & enzymes dissolve calcium, phosphorus and collagen
Fragments are engulfed and digested

This process is used to release what’s stored in the bones like Ca.

Question 30

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Question 38

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