Module 23 - Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 functions of the skeletal system

A

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

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2
Q

how does the skeletal system provide support

A

through bones, cartilage and ligaments

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3
Q

Bone is ___ while cartilage is ___

A

bone is hard while cartilage is flexible

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4
Q

ligaments are bone to ___

A

bone to bone

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5
Q

how does the skeletal system provide protection?

A

Skull around brain; ribs, sternum, vertebrae protect organs of thoracic cavity

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6
Q

how does the skeletal system provide movement?

A

Produced by muscles on bones, via tendons

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7
Q

how does the skeletal system provide storage?

A

Ca and P. Stored then released as needed. Fat stored in marrow cavities.

Ca: nervous system functions, muscle contractions…
P: ATP, metabolism…

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8
Q

Differentiate the different bone marrows

A

yellow: adipose tissue
red: produces different cell types

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9
Q

true or false
cartilage is:
firm
smooth
resilient
vascular

A

true
true
true
false, its avascular

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10
Q

what gives cartilage its resistance

A

Cartilage cells & matrix (70-85% water, protein, ground substance)

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11
Q

Give and describe the 3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline: most abundant
elastic: most flexible
fibrocartilage: strongest

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12
Q

The main cell type of cartilage is…? where is it located?

A

chondrocyte, immature = chondroblast
located in a cavity, lacuna

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13
Q

what is the perichondrium?

A

double layer of CT that covers most cartilage – nerve and blood supply

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14
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

no perichondrium

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15
Q

what is appositional growth

A

chondroblasts on surface grow

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16
Q

what is interstitial growth

A

mature chondroblast grow

17
Q

What is the one huge difference between bone and cartilage that has to do with matrix

A

bone is constantly broken down and rebuilt, cartilage isn’t

18
Q

Give the ratios of bone matrix structure

A

65% inorganic – crystallized mineral salts
35% organic – collagen/proteoglycans, water

19
Q

what is hydroxyapatite

A

hydroxyapatite: calcium phosphate crystals (gets added to matrix for solidification)

20
Q

why do we need both organic and inorganic components in bone matrix

A

collagen/proteoglycans – flexible strength
mineral component – compressive (weight-bearing) strength

21
Q

without minerals the bone is…

A

extremely flexible

22
Q

without collagen the bone is…

23
Q

what do osteoblasts produce

A

Produce collagen and proteoglycans (vesicles)

24
Q

what do osteoblasts form? what is this responsible for?

A

Form matrix vesicles of Ca 2+ and PO43- hydroxyapatite. Responsible for ossification.

25
what are Osteochondral progenitor cells? Describe their development.
Osteochondral progenitor cells: stem cells that can become osteoblasts or chondroblasts
26
what is an osteocyte? where is it located?
osteocyte = osteoblast surrounded by bone matrix.Also located in a cavity - lacuna
27
what is the role of osteocytes in the bones?
Considered inactive Maintain ability to produce components necessary to maintain bone matrix
28
what are osteoclasts
Large multi-nuclear cells Formed from fusion of monocytes
29
explain the function of osteoclasts
Resorption of bone Acid & enzymes dissolve calcium, phosphorus and collagen Fragments are engulfed and digested This process is used to release what's stored in the bones like Ca.
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