Module 3 Lecture 24 Flashcards
Uses of epidemiology in obesity
Descriptive: 1. current trends and burden
Predictive: 2, future burden
Explanatory 3. changes over time 4. differences between populations
Evaluative 5. effectiveness of interventions
Trends in obesity in LMICs
Come in later and is much steeper rise
Progress of the obesity epidemic through a population is _______ and ________ and moves from…..
Hetereogeneous, Stereotypic Women to Men Middle Aged to Children Highe SES to Low SES Urban to Rural
Relationship between SEP and Obesity
Low Income Countries :
Women: Strong Positive
Men: Positive
Children: Positive
High Income Countries:
Women: Strong negative
Men: Mainly negative
Children: Mainly negative
Consequences of Obesity
- Metabolic diseases
- Mechanical disorders
- Psychological problems
- Social consequences: Weight bias and discrimination and reduced life opportunities
Less data on historical trends means
it’s harder to predict into the future
Steps of monitoring childhood obesity
- Determine prevalance and trends
- Predict future trends
- Identify hot spots “areas with suprisingly high or low obesity”
- Contribute to policy and program evaluation
- Screening and feedback
Explanatory Epidemiology
What are the causes of obesity?
- Individual and Population questions
Answers depend on the question
- Genetic, metabolic, behavioural and environmental
- environmental relates to food or physical activity and can be micro or macro in size and physical, economical, policy and socio-cultural in type
What are the global drivers for the increase in obesity
Globalised food system:
- Increasingly processed, affordable and available tasty food
- ‘Push effect” from environment
- Passive overconsumption by population
Progressive reductions in occupational physical activity
Escalating obesity pandemic
The most plausible explanation for the simultaneous, global increase in obesity is that it has been driven by changes in the global food supply creating population ‘passive overconsumption’ of total energy
What environments shape obesity trends
- Economic environments: Income and Income disparities
- Physical environments: food and physical activity
- Socio-cultural environments: food, physical activity and body size
- Policy environments: market regulations
Health and social problems such as obesity are worse in
more unequal countries
Population differences in obesity prevalance
Obesity prevalance is driven up by global drivers but different local environments determine the trajectories of different populations
Systemic drivers
Existing policy and economic systems enabling and promoting high growth and consumption
Environmental drivers
Food supply and marketing promoting high energy intake
