module 3 (food and digestion)

Question 1

what are fats needed for?

Answer 1

they contain lots of energy and can be stored in the body to keep heat in

Question 2

what is protein needed for?

Answer 2

for growth and to repair damaged tissues in the body

Question 3

what are minerals needed for?

Answer 3

needed in small amounts to make important structures in the body (eg. blood cells)

Question 4

what are carbohydrates needed for?

Answer 4

broken down in cells during respiration to release energy so we can move and keep warm

Question 5

what are vitamins needed for?

Answer 5

needed in tiny amounts to keep us healthy

Question 6

what is fibre needed for?

Answer 6

needed to keep the gut in good condition and to help prevent constipation and bowel cancer

Question 7

define a balanced diet

Answer 7

eating a variety of different food groups in the correct proportions

Question 8

define malnutrition

Answer 8

a lack of proper nutrition often caused by not having enough to eat or not eating the right balance of nutrients

Question 9

define deficiency disease

Answer 9

a disease caused by the lack of an element in the diet, usually a particular vitamin or mineral

Question 10

what is the calculation for the daily energy requirements

Answer 10

basic metabolic rate + physical activity level

Question 11

how do you test for reducing sugars?

Answer 11

benedict’s solution and heat (if sugar is present the colour changes from blue to orange)

Question 12

how do you test for starch?

Answer 12

iodine solution (if starch is present the iodine solution turns blue/black)

Question 13

how do you test for protein?

Answer 13

biuret chemical (if protein is present the colour changes from pale blue to violet)

Question 14

how do you test for lipids (fats)?

Answer 14

ethanol (if fat is present the solution turns cloudy and an emulsion will form)

Question 15

what does the mouth do?

Answer 15

teeth chew (mastication) food into smaller pieces and saliva contains the enzyme amylase that breaks down carbohydrates into sugars

Question 16

what does the oesophagus do?

Answer 16

a muscular tube that delivers food from your mouth to your stomach, the muscle contracts (peristalsis) to push food

Question 17

what does the stomach do?

Answer 17

a muscular bag which churns up food in hydrochloric acid and dissolves food into a thick liquid, enzymes are also released to break down proteins

Question 18

what does the small intestine do?

Answer 18

enzymes digest food from insoluble to soluble molecules that can enter the bloodstream, villi absorb broken down nutrients into the bloodstream, villi have micro villi

Question 19

what does the large intestine do?

Answer 19

insoluble food is broken down by bacteria into vitamins and minerals that can be absorbed, excess water is also absorbed and feces is made

Question 20

what does the rectum do?

Answer 20

stores waste until it exits the body

Question 21

what does the anus do?

Answer 21

expels waste from the body

Question 22

define digestion

Answer 22

the process of breaking large insoluble molecules of food into smaller soluble molecules of food

Question 23

define enzymes

Answer 23

chemicals which break the larger molecules down into smaller molecules, they usually end in ase

Question 24

define a parasite

Answer 24

an organism that lives in or on another organism (the host)