module 1 (elements mixtures and compounds) Flashcards
define an element
a substance made of only one type of atom
define a compound
a substance made up of multiple (two or more) elements that have been chemically bonded together
define a mixture
a variety of different substances that are not at all chemically bonded together
define filtration
a separation technique which separates an insoluble solid from a liquid
define crystalisation
a separating technique used to separate a solute from a solution
how does filtration work?
the solid particles are too big to fit through the microscopic holes in the filter paper
how does crystallisation work?
the solution is evaporated into a much smaller volume then left to cool (saturation point) as the solution cools, crystals form
define saturation point
the stage at which no more of a substance can be absorbed into a vapour or dissolved into a solution
define solute
a substance which is dissolved in a solution
define solvent
the liquid in which a substance is dissolved
define solution
the mixture of a solute dissolved into a solvent
define simple distillation
the separation of a solvent from a solution
define fractional distillation
the separation of a mixture of liquids only
how does distillation work
a mixture is heated until turns into a vapour, the vapour rises and separates from the liquid, the vapour is then cooled and condensed, creating a separate liquid
why does distillation work
two or more liquids can be separated because they have different boiling points
