module 11 (earths resources)

Question 1

what is the equation for a salt from a metal carbonate

Answer 1

metal carbonate + acid -> carbon dioxide + water + salt

Question 2

what is the equation for a salt from a base

Answer 2

acid + metal hydroxide/oxide -> salt + water

Question 3

how do you test for carbon dioxide

Answer 3

cloudy limewater (colour change)

Question 4

define finite

Answer 4

there is a limited supply (the earth has a limited supply of metals)

Question 5

define ore

Answer 5

a naturally occurring rock that contains metal or metal compounds

Question 6

define oxidation

Answer 6

the gain of oxygen by a substance during a chemical reaction

Question 7

define reduction

Answer 7

the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen during the chemical reaction

Question 8

define electrolysis

Answer 8

the process where electrical current is passed through a substance to affect a chemical change (eg. extracts metal from ore)

Question 9

define neutralisation

Answer 9

a reaction between an acid and a base

Question 10

define synthetic materials

Answer 10

materials man made from chemical reactions

Question 11

define raw materials

Answer 11

materials in their natural state, before they are processed or used in manufacturing

Question 12

define a ceramic material

Answer 12

a material made out of clay soil that had been heated

Question 13

define an advanced ceramic

Answer 13

a ceramic with a non clay based material used to strengthen it

Question 14

define a composite material

Answer 14

a material made up of two or more different types of material

Question 15

define polymer

Answer 15

longer chained molecules made up of smaller molecules called monomers

Question 16

what is the current atmospheric composition percentages

Answer 16

nitrogen - 78
oxygen -21
other - 1

Question 17

what processes remove and add CO(2) into the air

Answer 17

photosynthesis, absorption into oceans, respiration, combustion of fossil fuels

Question 18

what is the evolution of the earths atmosphere?

Answer 18

1) early earth (hot, active volcanoes)
2) made up of gases released by volcanoes (mainly co2 + water vapour)
3) temp cooled, water vapour condensed, formed oceans
4) carbon dioxide dissolved in oceans and sedimentary rocks
5) life on earth photosynthesised, used co2, released oxygen

Question 19

define catalysts

Answer 19

any substance which increases the rate of a reaction without being used up

Question 20

what are biological catalysts called?

Answer 20

enzymes

Question 21

define activation energy

Answer 21

the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occour

Question 22

how do catalysts work?

Answer 22

they lower the activation energy

Question 23

what are the benefits of catalysts?

Answer 23

lower temp, use less energy, speeds up rate of chemical reaction