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Foundation of animal health and disease 1 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

Changes in animals’ feed requirements

1
Q

Why there are very few times in an animals life when it will require its theoretical exact maintenance nutrition

A

Animals will either be losing or gaining weight or be in a reproductive phase

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2
Q

What is the average weight of female cattle calf

A

30kg

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3
Q

What is the average weight of female cattle vealer(first few months, need milk and grass)

A

200kg

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4
Q

What is the average weight of female cattle weaner (stopped drinking milk)

A

180-300kg

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5
Q

What is the average weight of female cattle yearling

A

250-400kg

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6
Q

What is the average weight of female cattle pregnancy

A

300-500kg

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7
Q

What is the average weight of female cattle adult

A

450-800kg

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8
Q

What is the average weight of female dog pup

A

380-500g

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9
Q

What is the average weight of female dog 6 weeks old (ready to by weaned)

A

3-4 kg

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10
Q

What is the average weight of female dog 12 weeks old

A

8-10kg

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11
Q

What is the average weight of female dog 6 months

A

15-20kg

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12
Q

What is the average weight of female dog pregnancy

A

33-38kg

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13
Q

What is the average weight of female dog adult

A

25-30kg

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14
Q

What is the Rate of energy deposition in pig uterus energy

A

E (MJ/day)=0.107e0.027t

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15
Q

In chickens the energetic cost of egg production has been described by

A

ME/hen daily = W0.75(173-1.95T)+5.5ΔW + 2.07EE

Where W = body weight (kg), T = ambient temperature (ºC), ΔW = change in body weight in g/day and EE = daily egg mass (g)

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16
Q

What is the energy requirement of egg production compared to uterine/fortal energetic cost

A

chicken are far more constant on an annual basis

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17
Q

What is the difference in wool production type

A

Primary versus secondary fibre (primary = day 60-90, secondary day 90 till birth). Feed timing important. depend on the size of progeny as well

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18
Q

What is need to change or require attention to died during the process of pregnancy and giving birth

A
  • Appropriate protein/energy in diet
  • Appropriate calcium/phosphorous ratio (also ratio of anion/cation in dairy cattle feed)
  • Adequate trace elements
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19
Q

What does both the mother and the baby need

A
  • Mother (dam) must be fit enough to physically give birth
  • Needs adequate sized pelvis and small enough young to physically give birth
  • Must produce adequate colostrum (containing immunoglobulin) to provide young with protection against disease while they are relatively immunocompetent
  • Young must be able to suck colostrum
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20
Q

Nutrient requirement of the young animal

A
  • Colostrum
  • Fat reserves (eg. brown fat in the lamb)
  • Milk
  • Yolk
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21
Q

What does the milk contain

A
  • All mammals

* High levels of fat and energy as well as immunoglobulins for transfer of immunity

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22
Q

What is important about colostrum

A

The quality

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23
Q

What is important when rearing babies and the parents in producing colostrum and food and milk

A

plain of nutrition. number of young, parity(first time mother or late), time of year , supplement

24
Q

What is the dry matter contained in milk

25
How is the quality feed of younger animals compared to older animals
It needs higher quality feed
26
Fibre production
* Sheep: wool * Alpaca: fibre • Goat: Mohair & Cashmere * Rabbit: Angora * Other eg. NZ possum
27
What animals are efficient to meat production
Chicken, pig & fish are very efficient converters of feed to muscle
28
Average maintenance requirement of sled dogs
500-550*W0.75 (kJ/d)
29
How can performance be ranked
according to production traits, such as growth rate per day or rate of wool growth
30
What is a maintenance diet
diet required to maintain any given animal at a set bodyweight often choose a representative animal and define a set value of feed (generally energy) to maintain that animal
31
What does DSE mean
Dry Sheep Equivalent, energy required to maintain a 45-50 kg wether (male castrate) sheep, 8 MJ per day, or 3,000 MJ per year (if feed is 10MJ/kgDM = 300 kg DM)
32
What is the DSE of Pregnant ewes last 6 weeks bearing singles
1.5
33
What is the DSE of Pregnant ewes last 6 weeks bearing twins
1.5
34
What is the DSE of Ewes with single lamb at foot
2.5
35
What is the DSE of Ewes with twin lamb at foot
3
36
What is the DSE of Weaned calves
8
37
What is the DSE of yearling/dry cows
8
38
What is the DSE of Pregnant cows last 3 months
10
39
What is the DSE of Cows with 0-3 month calf
15
40
What is the DSE of Cows with 4-6 month calf
20
41
What does DSE measure
energy requirements – not protein, minerals, vitamins, trace elements etc
42
Which period of plant growth have the highest production of energy(MJ ME/kg DM)
Young plants
43
what can cause inadequate intake of nutrients
- Drought - Financial difficulty - Overpopulation eg. Kangaroo (boom/bust due to seasonal conditions) - Animal hoarding/welfare - Lack of knowledge - Environment (soil type)
44
How much reduction of trace element is enough to produce clinical disease
50%
45
What does iodine deficiency cause in sheeps
Involved in increasing basal metabolism, born dead or weak
46
What are the method of weighing animals
* “Eyeballing” * Weight tapes * Balance scales * Electronic scales
47
What does condition scoring assess
the amount of fats in the body
48
What condition score of cow is ideal
6
49
What condition score of dog is optimal
5
50
What condition score of cats is optimal
5
51
How do you do Nutritional decision making
* Condition score * Weight • Feed availability * Feed price * Animal value * Other * Feeding for maintenance (survival) or production
52
What do you supplement with
* Ability to cope with sudden change in diet • Ruminal environment * Other paddocks with better feed? * Simple supplement – such as high protein feed, to improve pasture value * Supplement to meet stock class needs (eg weaned lambs will need >10% protein, while ewes will cope on less than this)
53
What are the categories of supplement for grazing livestock
Hay, silage, grain
54
What are Hay
* Legume (lucerne, clover (red & white, sub-clover), leucaena * Grass (ryegrass, phalaris, fescues, bromes, cocksfoot etc)
55
What are silage
* Legume (lucerne, clover (red & white, sub-clover), leucaena * Grass (ryegrass, phalaris, fescues, bromes, cocksfoot etc)
56
What are grains
* Cereal (wheat, barley, triticale, oats, corn, sorghum etc) * Legume (Peas, lupins)

Foundation of animal health and disease 1 (16 decks)

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