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Foundation of animal health and disease 1 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

Feed Sources and the Anatomy of Digestion

1
Q

What are the 3 major function for food

A

Energy, tissue building blocks, essential components, water

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2
Q

What are the types of energy from food

A

Carbohydrates, fat, fibre(herbivores), proteins

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3
Q

What are the types of tissue building blocks from food

A

Protein, fat

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4
Q

What are the types of essential component from food

A

Vitamins, hormones (protein, fat, Micronutrients)

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5
Q

Properties of fibre

A

Plants(forages), indigestible to carnivores, majoy herbivore food source

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6
Q

Properties of Carbohydrates

A

cereal & vegetables, from concentrates, forages

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7
Q

Properties of proteins

A

Plants (concentrates&forages), meat, milk/eggs

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8
Q

Properties of Fats&oil

A

Meats, milk/egg, plants(often plant concentrates e.g. seeds& fruits)

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9
Q

Properties of micronutrients

A

may come from all feed types

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10
Q

What essential nutrient that cats need in food but not dogs?

A

Taurine

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11
Q

What is an ideal pasture

A

Nutritious, meets nutritional requirement year-round, persists under grazing& out competes weeds, maintain ground cover(prevents erosion), doesnt cause health problem

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12
Q

What are forages

A

Plant parts, fresh, ensiled(left in silos), dry(hay)

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13
Q

Waht are concentrates

A

Seeds, fruits e.g cereal grains, wheat, barley, oats, rye
corn
-legume grains, lupins, peas

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14
Q

What are the difference between legumes and grass

A

Fix nitrogen and are high protein forages

grass uses N from legumes and grows faster, causes few diseases, dont die over summer. Both needed

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15
Q

What are examples of high protein grain

A

lupins

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16
Q

What are indigestible by mammals in plant feed but digestible by microbes

A

Fibre

lignin(very few organisms can digest them), pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose (but high in energy)

17
Q

What are the carbohydrates in plants

A

Starches

18
Q

What are the protein in plants

A

crude protein

19
Q

What are the fats in plants

A

lipids

20
Q

What are the quality and quantity of pastures in autumn

A

Low and Low, increase as rainfall starts

21
Q

What are the quality and quantity of pastures in winter

A

High quality but low quantity

22
Q

What are the quality and quantity of pastures in spring

A

High quality abundant quantity

23
Q

What are the quality and quantity of pastures in summer

A

both declines

24
Q

What are parts of the head gut

A

mouth, pharynx

25
Q

What are parts of foregut

A

Oesophagus, stomach

26
Q

What are parts of hindgut

A

Caecum & colon forming large intestine

27
Q

How does birds breakdown food,

A

grinding in the muscular gizzards, may contain grit or stones

28
Q

What is the gut anatomy of carnivores and omnivores like

A

simple gut with small storage due to high biological value food but omnivore has more space for digestion & microbial fermentation

29
Q

What is the gut anatomy of herbivore like and how they fferment cellulose & other plant structures

A

Large gut sections needed to hold enough low nutritional value food & house microbes to digest carbohydrates. There are foregut fermenters and hindgut fermenters

30
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of foregut fermenters

A

Get benefits of microbiol digestion first, less efficient on high quality feed(digested by microbial), best at utilising low quality feed.

31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of non-ruminant foregut fermenters

A

Does not have 4 chambers, muscular muscles and small microbial fermentation

32
Q

What are the adaptation of Grazers(ruminant)

A

dental pad, sharp bottom teeth, big molars

33
Q

What are the adaptation of carnivores

A

sharp canines, sharp molar, claws for tearing, powerful jaws

34
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of hindgut fermenters

A

Can digest better quality food in the upper gut (single chambered stomach), but canot utilise as many microbe products as ruminant without eating their faeces(coprophagy), (horse, rhinoceros, elephant)

35
Q

Categories of Ruminant

A

Grazers like cattle, sheep(fibrous forage like grass), Browsers like goats (prefer leaves), Concentrates selectors like deer,giraffe (fruits and seeds)

36
Q

What are pseudoruminant

A

2 + 1 chambers (camel)

37
Q

What are ruminants

A

3 fermentation chambers in foregut, + true stomach

Foundation of animal health and disease 1 (16 decks)

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