Module 2 Flashcards
Fundamental Components of Food
What are the macronutrients
Carbohydrates, protein, fat, fibre
Where does essential and limiting amino acids come from
proteins
What are the micronutrients
minerals(Macro and micro-minerals
) and vitamins (Fat and Water soluble)
What are the dietary factors
Taste(texture, odour, visual) , forage composition(fibre), anti-nutritional factors(physical defense, tanins), feed processing
(particle size)
Definition of calorie
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g H2O 1°C.
What does 1 Calorie equal to
1000 calories = 1kcal.
•1 calorie = 4.184 Joules
What is the initial amount of energy called
Gross energy
What does gross energy divide into?
Faecal energy and digestible energy
What does digestible energy divide into
Urine, methane metabolizable energy
What does metabolizable energy divide into
heat increment, net energy
What does net energy divide into?
Used for maintenance and used for production like milk
What is the sequence of energy ladder
Gross > digestible > metabolizable > Net energy
What are the energy from feed component (MJ/kg)
Protein = 22.3, fat = 39.0, fibre = 17, carbohydrate = 16.8
What are ideal protein
How the protein maps to animal’s need
What are limiting amino acids in the Kjeldahl flow chart
aa found in the lowest quantity in a feedstuff, thus limiting protein construction
What are essential amino acids in the Kjeldahl flow chart
aa that cannot be made by the body in sufficient quantities. Must be in diet. Conditional essentiality
What are metabolised by the microbial to form microbial proteins
Broken down by protein as well : peptide, amino acids, ammonia
What are lipids
fats (animal based) and oils (plant based)
–Simple lipids e.g. triglycerides
–Compound lipids e.g. phosholipids
–Others: waxes, steroids etc
- Energy storage mechanism
- Essential Fatty Acids
Why cant cat convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid
Cat do not contain delta6 Desaturase
What are soluble fibre for
Fermentable to physiologically active compounds (& gases)
What are insoluble fibre for
Metabolically inert. Important in aiding passage of digesta
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored in the body
Absorbed with fat in small intestine Stored in liver and adipose tissues
Toxicities
Where are water soluble vitamins stored in the body
Absorbed in small intestine
Filtered by kidneys and excreted Daily need –no toxicities
what are the water soluble vitamins
all the mins and ines, all vitamin B, C