module 2 and 3 Flashcards
incidence or prevalence?
“1.4 million people in the US dx with DM in 2014”
Incidence
who really has the disease
(t= positive)
Ability of the test to identify correctly those who HAVE the disease
Sensi(+)ivity:
actions targeted at specific diseases (immunizations, antimalarial prophylaxis, exercise and diet, environmental modifications such as fluoride)
Specific protection
Discuss the purposes, advantages, and limitations of health risk appraisal
Collection of info about risk factors during H&P, physical, and lab exam
Determines appropriate screening, initiates early intervention, reduces morbidity/mortality, delivering more personalized care
Examples: Personal characteristics Physiologic parameters Symptoms Preclinical disease states
early symptomatic disease. Correcting component of disease, thus preventing or limiting impairment caused by disease
Disability limitation:
often used for chronic conditions (how many people have the disease RIGHT NOW)
Prevalence (Overall)
cases/ population x 1000
measure of the number of deaths in a population. (DEATH) number of deaths/number at risk x 1000. Often used to look at where and how we can intervene
Mortality
something so widespread it goes across continents
Pandemic
incidence or prevalence?
“ 29.1 people dx with diabetes in the US”
Prevalence
focused on a certain area or among a certain group of people (eg. diabetes endemic in uneducated low income people in DC)
Endemic
incidence or prevalence?
“ 1.35 million Americans children and adults have Type 1 DM”
Prevalence
The higher the prevalence, the higher __________
predictive value (higher the chance a person has a true positive)
incidence or prevalence?
11.8 million seniors in the U.S. have diabetes”
Prevalence
often used for acute conditions that do not have long duration (e.g. flu)- how many new cases in a given period of time
Incidence (NEW)
new cases/ those at rick x 1000
widespread occurrence usually of an infectious disease. Urban violence is also considered an epidemic
Epidemic
incidence or prevalence?
“there were 69,071 deaths from diabetes in the US in 2010”
Incidence
focuses on late symptomatic disease; preventing total or functional disability or by restoring persons
Rehabilitation
big picture (community)
Reduce social disparities
Increase stakeholder participation
Primary Health care
the care of persons with a known condition to prevent progression of the disease: restore highest function
Tertiary Prevention (treatment)
implementation of primary healthcare (individuals)
describes relationship b/t provider and pt
First contact pt has with healthcare system
Care across lifespan
Primary Care
tells us the probability that a positive test result is correct.
Portion of people with + results, who truly HAVE disease
PPV
12 Focus Topics for HP 2020
Assess to health Services Clinical Preventive Services Environmental Quality Injury and Violence Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Mental Helath Nutrition, Physical Activity, Obseity Oral Health Reproductive and Sexual health Social determinants Substance abuse Tobacco
health maintenance, education (lifestyle changes, nutrition, maintenance of safe environments)
Health promotion
tells us the test is negative of someone who do not have disease
Portion of people with (-) result that truly DON’T have disease
NPV
disease state of an individual (ILLNESS). incidence rates and prevalence rates together
Morbidity
Articulate the role of the family nurse practitioner in the primary care setting
Patient-centered medical homes (model of care delivery)
NPs provide satisfaction in primary care settings.
Effective and safe care with similar outcomes to physicians with high rates of pt satisfaction
father epidemiology; 1850s London during Cholera outbreak. Made a map and hypothesized water pump was the source of cholera
Finding the cause of disease and what can be done to stop it?
Break the route of transmission
John Snow
incidence or prevalence?
“25.9% of Americans age 65 and older have diabetes”
Prevalence
advocacy and policy- vaccinations, seat belts, prohibition of smoking in cars with children). This is the cheapest option
primary prevention
measures that ID and tx asymptomatic person with risk factors to whom the condition is not already apparent (BP, cholesterol screening, mammogram, depression screening)
secondary prevention (screening)
who really does NOT have the disease (F=false)
Ability of test to identify correctly those who DON’T have disease
Specificity
