module 2 and 3

Question 1

incidence or prevalence?

“1.4 million people in the US dx with DM in 2014”

Answer 1

Incidence

Question 2

who really has the disease
(t= positive)
Ability of the test to identify correctly those who HAVE the disease

Answer 2

Sensi(+)ivity:

Question 3

actions targeted at specific diseases (immunizations, antimalarial prophylaxis, exercise and diet, environmental modifications such as fluoride)

Answer 3

Specific protection

Question 4

Discuss the purposes, advantages, and limitations of health risk appraisal

Answer 4

Collection of info about risk factors during H&P, physical, and lab exam
Determines appropriate screening, initiates early intervention, reduces morbidity/mortality, delivering more personalized care

Examples:
Personal characteristics
Physiologic parameters
Symptoms
Preclinical disease states

Question 5

early symptomatic disease. Correcting component of disease, thus preventing or limiting impairment caused by disease

Answer 5

Disability limitation:

Question 6

often used for chronic conditions (how many people have the disease RIGHT NOW)

Answer 6

Prevalence (Overall)

cases/ population x 1000

Question 7

measure of the number of deaths in a population. (DEATH) number of deaths/number at risk x 1000. Often used to look at where and how we can intervene

Answer 7

Mortality

Question 8

something so widespread it goes across continents

Answer 8

Pandemic

Question 9

incidence or prevalence?

“ 29.1 people dx with diabetes in the US”

Answer 9

Prevalence

Question 10

focused on a certain area or among a certain group of people (eg. diabetes endemic in uneducated low income people in DC)

Answer 10

Endemic

Question 11

incidence or prevalence?

“ 1.35 million Americans children and adults have Type 1 DM”

Answer 11

Prevalence

Question 12

The higher the prevalence, the higher __________

Answer 12

predictive value 
(higher the chance a person has a true positive)

Question 13

incidence or prevalence?

11.8 million seniors in the U.S. have diabetes”

Answer 13

Prevalence

Question 14

often used for acute conditions that do not have long duration (e.g. flu)- how many new cases in a given period of time

Answer 14

Incidence (NEW)

new cases/ those at rick x 1000

Question 15

widespread occurrence usually of an infectious disease. Urban violence is also considered an epidemic

Answer 15

Epidemic

Question 16

incidence or prevalence?

“there were 69,071 deaths from diabetes in the US in 2010”

Answer 16

Incidence

Question 17

focuses on late symptomatic disease; preventing total or functional disability or by restoring persons

Answer 17

Rehabilitation

Question 18

big picture (community)
Reduce social disparities
Increase stakeholder participation

Answer 18

Primary Health care

Question 19

the care of persons with a known condition to prevent progression of the disease: restore highest function

Answer 19

Tertiary Prevention (treatment)

Question 20

implementation of primary healthcare (individuals)
describes relationship b/t provider and pt
First contact pt has with healthcare system
Care across lifespan

Answer 20

Primary Care

Question 21

tells us the probability that a positive test result is correct.
Portion of people with + results, who truly HAVE disease

Answer 21

PPV

Question 22

12 Focus Topics for HP 2020

Answer 22

Assess to health Services 
Clinical Preventive Services 
Environmental Quality
Injury and Violence
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health 
Mental Helath 
Nutrition, Physical Activity, Obseity 
Oral Health 
Reproductive and Sexual health 
Social determinants 
Substance abuse
Tobacco

Question 23

health maintenance, education (lifestyle changes, nutrition, maintenance of safe environments)

Answer 23

Health promotion

Question 24

tells us the test is negative of someone who do not have disease
Portion of people with (-) result that truly DON’T have disease

Answer 24

NPV

Question 25

disease state of an individual (ILLNESS). incidence rates and prevalence rates together

Answer 25

Morbidity

Question 26

Articulate the role of the family nurse practitioner in the primary care setting

Answer 26

Patient-centered medical homes (model of care delivery)
NPs provide satisfaction in primary care settings.
Effective and safe care with similar outcomes to physicians with high rates of pt satisfaction

Question 27

father epidemiology; 1850s London during Cholera outbreak. Made a map and hypothesized water pump was the source of cholera
Finding the cause of disease and what can be done to stop it?
Break the route of transmission

Answer 27

John Snow

Question 28

incidence or prevalence?

“25.9% of Americans age 65 and older have diabetes”

Answer 28

Prevalence

Question 29

advocacy and policy- vaccinations, seat belts, prohibition of smoking in cars with children). This is the cheapest option

Answer 29

primary prevention

Question 30

measures that ID and tx asymptomatic person with risk factors to whom the condition is not already apparent (BP, cholesterol screening, mammogram, depression screening)

Answer 30

secondary prevention (screening)

Question 31

who really does NOT have the disease (F=false)

Ability of test to identify correctly those who DON’T have disease

Answer 31

Specificity