Module 16 Flashcards
What are the 3 mechanisms of jaundice?
Pre-hepatic (hemolytic), intrahepatic (hepatocellular), and post-hepatic (obstructive).
What are common symptoms of jaundice?
Yellow skin/sclera, dark urine, light-colored stools, pruritus.
What causes dark urine in jaundice?
Conjugated bilirubin in urine.
What causes light-colored stools in jaundice?
Obstruction of bile flow to the intestines.
What are the 3 phases of acute viral hepatitis?
Prodromal, icterus, and convalescent phases.
Which hepatitis viruses can become chronic?
Hepatitis B, C, and D.
What is the most common cause of acute fulminant hepatitis?
Acetaminophen toxicity.
End-stage chronic liver disease with fibrosis and nodules
Cirrhosis
What are common causes of cirrhosis?
Alcoholism, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic liver disease.
What are clinical signs of cirrhosis?
Jaundice, ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, varices.
What causes portal hypertension?
Obstruction to blood flow through the liver.
What complications result from portal hypertension?
Ascites, esophageal varices, splenomegaly.
What is hepatic encephalopathy?
Brain dysfunction from accumulation of ammonia.
Flapping tremor seen in hepatic encephalopathy
asterixis
Gallstones formed from cholesterol or pigment
cholelithiasis
What are the â4 Fâ risk factors for cholelithiasis?
Fat, Forty, Female, Fertile.
Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to gallstones.
cholecystitis
What symptoms differentiate cholecystitis from cholelithiasis?
Fever, rebound tenderness, leukocytosis in cholecystitis.
Inflammation of the pancreas from autodigestion.
pancreatitis
Common causes of acute pancreatitis?
Alcohol use and gallstones.
Symptoms of acute pancreatitis?
Severe epigastric pain, N/V, abdominal tenderness.
What labs diagnose acute pancreatitis?
Serum amylase and lipase levels > 3x normal.
Irreversible inflammation with fibrosis of the pancreas.
chronic pancreatitis
What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?
Long-term alcohol use.
