Module 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of jaundice?

A

Pre-hepatic (hemolytic), intrahepatic (hepatocellular), and post-hepatic (obstructive).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are common symptoms of jaundice?

A

Yellow skin/sclera, dark urine, light-colored stools, pruritus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes dark urine in jaundice?

A

Conjugated bilirubin in urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes light-colored stools in jaundice?

A

Obstruction of bile flow to the intestines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 phases of acute viral hepatitis?

A

Prodromal, icterus, and convalescent phases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which hepatitis viruses can become chronic?

A

Hepatitis B, C, and D.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of acute fulminant hepatitis?

A

Acetaminophen toxicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

End-stage chronic liver disease with fibrosis and nodules

A

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are common causes of cirrhosis?

A

Alcoholism, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic liver disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are clinical signs of cirrhosis?

A

Jaundice, ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, varices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes portal hypertension?

A

Obstruction to blood flow through the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What complications result from portal hypertension?

A

Ascites, esophageal varices, splenomegaly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Brain dysfunction from accumulation of ammonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flapping tremor seen in hepatic encephalopathy

A

asterixis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gallstones formed from cholesterol or pigment

A

cholelithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the ‘4 F’ risk factors for cholelithiasis?

A

Fat, Forty, Female, Fertile.

17
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to gallstones.

A

cholecystitis

18
Q

What symptoms differentiate cholecystitis from cholelithiasis?

A

Fever, rebound tenderness, leukocytosis in cholecystitis.

19
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas from autodigestion.

A

pancreatitis

20
Q

Common causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol use and gallstones.

21
Q

Symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

A

Severe epigastric pain, N/V, abdominal tenderness.

22
Q

What labs diagnose acute pancreatitis?

A

Serum amylase and lipase levels > 3x normal.

23
Q

Irreversible inflammation with fibrosis of the pancreas.

A

chronic pancreatitis

24
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Long-term alcohol use.

25
Q

Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Recurring epigastric pain, malabsorption, diabetes.