Module 14 Flashcards
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendons connect muscle to bone; ligaments connect bone to bone.
contusion
A soft tissue injury caused by ruptured blood vessels (bruise).
Hematoma
A large area of local hemorrhage
What is a strain?
Stretch or partial tear in a muscle or muscle-tendon unit.
Sprain
Tear or injury to ligaments caused by abnormal joint movement.
What is a dislocation?
Displacement of articulating joint surfaces.
What is subluxation?
Partial dislocation with some contact between joint surfaces.
What is a fracture?
A break in bone continuity.
What are the four phases of bone healing?
Hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, remodeling.
What are possible complications of fractures?
Compartment syndrome, fat embolism, fracture blisters.
What are the 5 P’s of compartment syndrome?
Pain, paresthesia, pallor, paresis/paralysis, pulselessness.
What is osteomyelitis?
Bone infection, usually from S. aureus.
What is sequestrum?
Dead bone separated from living bone in chronic osteomyelitis.
What is osteonecrosis?
Bone death from ischemia.
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Genetic disorder causing brittle bones due to collagen mutation.
What is scoliosis?
Lateral curvature of the spine.
What is osteopenia?
Decreased bone density from imbalance in bone formation/breakdown.
What is osteoporosis?
Severe bone density loss increasing fracture risk.
Name two risk factors for osteoporosis.
Postmenopause, calcium/vitamin D deficiency.
What is osteomalacia?
Soft bone in adults from calcium or phosphate deficiency.
What is rickets?
Delayed calcification of growth plates in children.
What is Paget disease?
Bone disorder with excessive resorption and abnormal regrowth.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation and destruction.
What is pannus?
Vascular granulation tissue destructive to cartilage and bone in RA.
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Autoimmune disease affecting skin, joints, kidneys, and more.
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Autoimmune fusion of spine and sacroiliac joints.
What is osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease causing cartilage breakdown.
What is gout?
Joint inflammation from uric acid crystal buildup.
What foods are high in purines?
Anchovies, organ meats, legumes, liver, sardines.
