Module 15 Flashcards
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing.
Name two causes of dysphagia.
Stroke, cancer.
What is a hiatal hernia?
Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm.
What causes GERD?
Transient LES relaxation and delayed gastric emptying.
What are common symptoms of GERD?
Heartburn, belching, chest pain, cough.
What is the difference between acute and chronic gastritis?
Acute is transient inflammation; chronic has long-term mucosal changes.
What bacteria causes chronic gastritis?
Helicobacter pylori.
How is H. pylori gastritis diagnosed?
Urea breath test or fecal antigen test.
What causes peptic ulcer disease?
H. pylori, NSAIDs, smoking, stress.
What are signs of peptic ulcer disease?
Burning epigastric pain relieved by food or antacids.
What is a stress ulcer?
GI ulcer from physiological stress.
What is the hallmark symptom of IBS?
Abdominal pain relieved by defecation.
What are the main IBD types?
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
What are key symptoms of Crohn disease?
Diarrhea, RLQ pain, weight loss.
What is a key difference in ulcerative colitis?
Bloody stools and continuous colon inflammation.
What is diverticulosis?
Herniations of the colon wall.
What is diverticulitis?
Inflamed diverticula with pain, fever, N/V.
What causes appendicitis?
Obstruction of the appendix.
What are symptoms of appendicitis?
RLQ pain, rebound tenderness, fever.
What causes acute diarrhea?
Infection, food intolerance, medications.
Difference between large and small volume diarrhea?
Large: watery, non-bloody; small: bloody, painful.
What are causes of constipation?
Low fiber, inactivity, drugs, neurological issues.
What are signs of intestinal obstruction?
Crampy pain, vomiting, distention, absent bowel sounds.
What is peritonitis?
Inflammation of abdominal lining from infection or rupture.
What are symptoms of peritonitis?
Board-like abdomen, shallow breathing, pain.
What is celiac disease?
Autoimmune reaction to gluten causing malabsorption.
Symptoms of celiac disease?
Diarrhea, bloating, anemia, failure to thrive.
What increases risk of colorectal cancer?
Age, diet, polyps, obesity, smoking.
