Module 12 Flashcards
What is the most common organism causing infective endocarditis?
Staphylococcal species
Non-tender, small erythematous or hemorrhagic macular lesions on the palms and soles
Janeway lesions
Painful, red, raised lesions found on the hands and feet
Osler nodes
An abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat caused by turbulent blood flow in the heart
Cardiac murmur
A condition where the heart valve does not open fully, restricting blood flow
Stenosis
A condition where the heart valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backward
Regurgitation
A condition in which the mitral valve flaps bulge into the left atrium during systole
Mitral valve prolapse
What causes acute pericarditis most commonly?
Viral infection
An abnormal decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration by more than 10 mmHg
Pulsus paradoxus
A condition where fluid in the pericardium builds up and compresses the heart
Cardiac tamponade
Inflammation of the heart muscle
Myocarditis
A bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygenation of the blood
Cyanosis
Name one cyanotic congenital heart defect.
Tetralogy of Fallot
What does ‘CHD’ stand for?
Congenital Heart Defect
To detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the bloodstream
Blood culture
An infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves
Endocarditis
An immune response where the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues after a strep infection
Autoimmune reaction
The 5 T’s of cyanotic heart defects
Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, Transposition, Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, Truncus arteriosus
An idiopathic systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children
Kawasaki Disease
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; indicates inflammation in the body
ESR
What valve abnormality results in blood leaking backward into the left atrium during systole?
Mitral regurgitation
What is the medical term for inflammation of the pericardium?
Pericarditis
What congenital heart defect involves four abnormalities including VSD and pulmonary stenosis?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What diagnostic finding is common in acute rheumatic fever?
Elevated streptococcal antibodies
What is the most common cause of pericarditis?
Viral infection
Which heart sound abnormality is associated with valvular disease?
Murmur
Which test can detect vegetations in infective endocarditis?
Echocardiogram
What is the term for fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity?
Pericardial effusion
What is a serious complication of Kawasaki disease affecting coronary arteries?
Coronary aneurysm
What symptom is relieved by the squatting position in cyanotic heart defects?
Tet spell
What is the primary pathological feature of cardiomyopathy?
Myocardial dysfunction
What does CRP stand for and what does it indicate?
C-reactive protein; indicates inflammation
What are splinter hemorrhages a sign of?
Infective endocarditis
What condition results from scarring of cardiac valves post-rheumatic fever?
Rheumatic heart disease
What blood vessel condition is caused by Kawasaki disease?
Vasculitis
What heart defect allows blood to flow between the atria?
Atrial septal defect
What condition involves both stenosis and regurgitation of valves?
Mixed valvular disease
What diagnostic test evaluates electrical activity of the heart?
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
What is indicated by elevated ESR and CRP?
Systemic inflammation
What are subcutaneous nodules associated with?
Acute rheumatic fever
