Module 12

Question 1

What is the most common organism causing infective endocarditis?

Answer 1

Staphylococcal species

Question 2

Non-tender, small erythematous or hemorrhagic macular lesions on the palms and soles

Answer 2

Janeway lesions

Question 3

Painful, red, raised lesions found on the hands and feet

Answer 3

Osler nodes

Question 4

An abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat caused by turbulent blood flow in the heart

Answer 4

Cardiac murmur

Question 5

A condition where the heart valve does not open fully, restricting blood flow

Answer 5

Stenosis

Question 6

A condition where the heart valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backward

Answer 6

Regurgitation

Question 7

A condition in which the mitral valve flaps bulge into the left atrium during systole

Answer 7

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 8

What causes acute pericarditis most commonly?

Answer 8

Viral infection

Question 9

An abnormal decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration by more than 10 mmHg

Answer 9

Pulsus paradoxus

Question 10

A condition where fluid in the pericardium builds up and compresses the heart

Answer 10

Cardiac tamponade

Question 11

Inflammation of the heart muscle

Answer 11

Myocarditis

Question 12

A bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygenation of the blood

Answer 12

Cyanosis

Question 13

Name one cyanotic congenital heart defect.

Answer 13

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 14

What does ‘CHD’ stand for?

Answer 14

Congenital Heart Defect

Question 15

To detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the bloodstream

Answer 15

Blood culture

Question 16

An infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves

Answer 16

Endocarditis

Question 17

An immune response where the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues after a strep infection

Answer 17

Autoimmune reaction

Question 18

The 5 T’s of cyanotic heart defects

Answer 18

Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, Transposition, Total anomalous pulmonary venous return, Truncus arteriosus

Question 19

An idiopathic systemic vasculitis that primarily affects children

Answer 19

Kawasaki Disease

Question 20

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; indicates inflammation in the body

Answer 20

ESR

Question 21

What valve abnormality results in blood leaking backward into the left atrium during systole?

Answer 21

Mitral regurgitation

Question 22

What is the medical term for inflammation of the pericardium?

Answer 22

Pericarditis

Question 23

What congenital heart defect involves four abnormalities including VSD and pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 23

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 24

What diagnostic finding is common in acute rheumatic fever?

Answer 24

Elevated streptococcal antibodies

Question 25

What is the most common cause of pericarditis?

Answer 25

Viral infection

Question 26

Which heart sound abnormality is associated with valvular disease?

Answer 26

Murmur

Question 27

Which test can detect vegetations in infective endocarditis?

Answer 27

Echocardiogram

Question 28

What is the term for fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity?

Answer 28

Pericardial effusion

Question 29

What is a serious complication of Kawasaki disease affecting coronary arteries?

Answer 29

Coronary aneurysm

Question 30

What symptom is relieved by the squatting position in cyanotic heart defects?

Answer 30

Tet spell

Question 31

What is the primary pathological feature of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 31

Myocardial dysfunction

Question 32

What does CRP stand for and what does it indicate?

Answer 32

C-reactive protein; indicates inflammation

Question 33

What are splinter hemorrhages a sign of?

Answer 33

Infective endocarditis

Question 34

What condition results from scarring of cardiac valves post-rheumatic fever?

Answer 34

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 35

What blood vessel condition is caused by Kawasaki disease?

Answer 35

Vasculitis

Question 36

What heart defect allows blood to flow between the atria?

Answer 36

Atrial septal defect

Question 37

What condition involves both stenosis and regurgitation of valves?

Answer 37

Mixed valvular disease

Question 38

What diagnostic test evaluates electrical activity of the heart?

Answer 38

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 39

What is indicated by elevated ESR and CRP?

Answer 39

Systemic inflammation

Question 40

What are subcutaneous nodules associated with?

Answer 40

Acute rheumatic fever