Module 13 Flashcards
What are the three types of influenza?
A, B, and C
How is influenza transmitted?
Through aerosols or direct contact.
What differentiates typical from atypical pneumonia?
Typical: Bacterial.
A granulomatous lesion with macrophages and inactive TB bacteria
Ghon focus
What causes bronchiolitis in infants?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
What are the types of pleural effusion?
Hydrothorax: serous fluid
Empyema: pus
Chylothorax: lymph
Hemothorax: blood
Air enters pleural space and cannot escape.
tension pneumothorax
Emphysema patients with increased respiration and dyspnea.
Pink Puffers
What is the diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis?
Sweat test (chloride > 60 mEq/L).
Low blood oxygen despite high oxygen administration.
Refractory hypoxemia
What are the diagnostic criteria for acute respiratory failure?
PaO2 ≤ 60 mm Hg.
What are common clinical manifestations of pneumonia?
Fever.
What are the main types of non-small cell lung cancer?
Large cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
What distinguishes small cell lung cancer from other types?
Very rapid growth.
What are the signs of respiratory distress in infants?
Nasal flaring.
What is the pathophysiology of asthma?
Inflammatory response causing bronchoconstriction.
What is the hallmark sign of chronic bronchitis?
Persistent productive cough for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years.
What causes pulmonary embolism most commonly?
Thrombus originating from deep veins in the legs (DVT).
What are the diagnostic tests for tuberculosis?
TST (tuberculin skin test).
Right-sided heart failure caused by chronic lung disease or pulmonary hypertension.
Cor Pulmonale
What clinical signs may suggest acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Dyspnea.
What distinguishes hypoxemia from hypercapnia?
Hypoxemia is low oxygen in the blood; hypercapnia is elevated CO₂ in the blood.
What are the three infection types related to influenza?
Rhinotracheitis,Viral pneumonia,Respiratory viral infection
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae.