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psy 1102 > module 15 : treatment of disorders > Flashcards

module 15 : treatment of disorders Flashcards

1
Q

treatment requires (3)

A
  1. Objectivity
  2. Regulated by license boards
  3. Code of conduct: Ethical and protected
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2
Q

treatment (def)

A

variety of strategies to help people manage

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3
Q

therapy

A

guides to be reflectante and introspective to find their own awareness

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4
Q

who provides treatment? (6)

A
  1. psychiatrists
  2. psychologist
  3. clinical psychologists
  4. counselling psychologist
  5. school psychologist
  6. clinical social workers
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5
Q

psychiatrists

A

physicians specialized in psychologie and psychiatry
- they and psychiatric nurse practitioners can prescribe medication

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6
Q

psychologists (+3 main areas of specializations)

A

(Ph.D + Psy. D.)
can provide psychotherapy (talk therapy), may conduct psychological research
1. Clinical psychologists
2. Counseling psychologists
3. Scholl psychologists

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7
Q

Clinical social workers

A

helps with social networks

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8
Q

therapists

A

Master degree
- provides counselling services
- or mental health counselling (lifespan)

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9
Q

clinical psychologists

A

treat people with serious mental illnesses (who do not require meds)

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10
Q

counseling psychologist

A

work with people who need life-skills training

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11
Q

trepanation

A

removing portion of skull

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12
Q

institutionalizing (2 ppl)

A

asylums
1. Phillipe Pixeln
2. Doretha Dix
they argued for more humain treatment and allowing them to return to society

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13
Q

medical model (3)

A
  1. medicine drastically changed treatment = end of institutionalizing
  2. do not include environmental factors
  3. medical cure somatic, then application of model to mental conditions
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14
Q

efficacy (evidence based treatment)

A

the ability of research to produce desired outcomes based on research protocols that are strictly controlled (laboratory)

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15
Q

effectiveness (evidence based treatment)

A

the ability of research to produce desired outcomes based on researched applied in real world setting and population

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16
Q

bio psychological model

A

because the medical model does not take in account social or cultural factors during diagnosis and treatment

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17
Q

psychopharmacotherapy (3 tools)

A
  1. Drugs (psychoactive or psychotropic : target neurotransmitters)
  2. Surgery
  3. Electrical stimulation
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18
Q

psychoactive drugs (4 types + symptoms)

A
  • antipsychotic drugs
  • antidepressant medication
  • anxiolytics (anti anxiety)
  • mood stabilizing medication
    Symptoms : disordered thinking, delusions, hallucinations
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19
Q

antipsychotic drugs (2 types)

A
  1. typical antipsychotics
  2. atypical antipsychotics
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20
Q

typical antipsychotics

A
  • reduce symptoms of psychosis (hallucinations, disorder thinking and delusions) by reducing dopamine activity
  • cocaine and amphetamine works against (stimulant drugs)
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21
Q

typical antipsychotics side effects (+2 important terms)

A

dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision
- extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors or rigidity)
- tardive dyskinesia (involuted movement in face)

22
Q

atypical antipsychotic (+side effects)

A

block dopamine and serotonin (mood) receptors
- tardive dyskinesia, reduced white blood cell count, poor concentration, weight gain …

23
Q

antidepressant medication (goal + 3 classes of anti-depression)

A

imbalance of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine ans norepinephrine)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- tricyclic antidepressants
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

24
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

stimulating effect
- inhabiting enzyme (allow mood influencing neurotransmitters ro remain in the synapse for longer) can have lethal interactions with certain foods

25
Q

tricyclic antidepressant

A

inhibiting reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

26
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) :

A

(recycling neurotransmitters)
- most commonly prescribed (higher rates if effectiveness and lower risk of side effects) effects sex life*
- First line treatment : initial attempt to treat depression (it targets serotonin and have little effect on norepinephrine and dopamine)

27
Q

effectiveness of antidepressant medication

A

High (placebo plays big role)
Animal tranquilizer is used (Ketamine: acts on glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter))
Psychotherapy and exercise are big factors to effectiveness

28
Q

anxiolytics (anxiety meds) (Goal + drug)

A

considered a sedative (calm)
Benzodiazepines ( and beta blockers)
- increase effectiveness of GABA
- highly addictive
- paradoxal effect (when used longterm, manifest what we avoid)

29
Q

mood stabilizing meds (goal + 2 drugs)

A

treats hight and lows (bipolar)
- Lithium (most commonly prescribed mood stabilizer (need to be monitored, frequent blood tests - can damage organ function)
- Anticonvulsant meds (anti seizures) enhance availability of GABA

30
Q

non -pharmacological interventions (3)

A
  • ECT
  • transcranial magnetic simulation
  • psychosurgury
31
Q

ECT

A

used in case of treatment resistant (when meds don’t work) of depression or schizophrenia
- use of electrical currents to brain to induce seizures

32
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation (+side effects)

A

non-invasive
- increase or decrease brain activity
Side-effects exist, including headache, fainting, and possible seizures.

33
Q

psychosurgery (+side effects)

A

instead of trepanation, prefrontal lobotomy (surgery connected between prefrontal lobe and rest of brain)
- Goal is to reduce the severity of symptoms associated with mental disorders
- Other forms of this procedure can remove or destroy parts of the brain though to be causing mental dysfunction
- Side effects include seizures, cognitive deficits and death

34
Q

psychotherapy (def, goal, types)

A

(talk therapy) - personally theory
goal “hello individual identify, change, and overcome problematic thoughts, feelings, or behaviours”
- group
- couple and family

35
Q

group therapy

A
  • Share a common theme
  • Group dynamic is important
  • Mutual-help group
36
Q

couple and family therapy

A
  • Addresses all members of a relationship unit
37
Q

schools of psychology (4)

A
  1. insight therapy
  2. behaviour therapy
  3. humanistic therapy
  4. cognitive therapy
38
Q

transference

A

(when patient redirects feelings into the therapist) = breakthrough (making process)

39
Q

insight therapy (tools)

A

the unconsciousness
psychoanalysis :
- free association
- freudian slip
- dream analysis
- transference
- psychodynamic (childhood)

40
Q

behaviour therapy

A

observable behaviours or actions
- Learning theory (behaviour modification)
- classical : counter condition theory aka systematic desensitization, fear hierarchy, flooding
- operant (instrumental) : token economy, voucher-based reinforcement or behavioural activation for depresion

41
Q

humanistic therapy

A

help develop stronger sense of identity
Maslow (needs), Rogers (empathy)
- unconditional regard
- empathy
- congruence

42
Q

cognitive therapy (3 kinds)

A

thought management technics
1. rational-emotive
2. to treat depression
3. cognitive-behavioural therapy

43
Q

rational emotive technics (person + 3 concepts)

A

ABC by Albert Ellis
designed to help patient by challenging irritation beliefs brought agression
- adverse
- beliefs
- consequence

44
Q

cognitive therapy to treat depression (person + 3 cognitive distortions)

A

Aaron Beck
thought record (writing down feelings)
for retraining in thinking
1. all or nothing
2. dissenting the positive
3. catastrophizing

45
Q

all or nothing

A

black and white thinking -no grey

46
Q

discounting the positive

A

believes that positive attributes do not count

47
Q

catastrophizing

A

makes negative over exaggerated

48
Q

cognitive-behavioural therapy (waves)

A

Behaviour therapy: first wave of psychology
CBT : second wave (info processing problem-approch)

49
Q

cognitive-behavioural therapy (integrative therapy, Beck)

A

cognitive triad (self, environment, future)
and cognitive restructuring

50
Q

cognitive restructuring 3 steps

A
  1. patient learn to identify their cognitive distortions,
  2. dispute the negative thoughts and
  3. develop alternate more positive thoughts

psy 1102 (8 decks)

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