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psy 1102 > module 14 : psychological disorders > Flashcards

module 14 : psychological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychological disorders ?

A

abnormal psychology

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2
Q

the four D’s

A
  1. deviance
  2. distress
  3. dysfunction
  4. danger
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3
Q

Deviance

A

behaviors, thoughts and feelings that are not social standard (statistical or cultural)

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4
Q

Distress

A

feeling that are upsetting and cause pain, suffering, sorrow

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5
Q

Dysfunction

A

feelings are disruptive to ones routine

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6
Q

Danger

A

feelings may lead to harm or injury to self or others

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7
Q

Labels (4)

A
  1. Provides explanation for abnormal behaviors, thoughts and feelings
  2. Provides a language for specialists
  3. Manageable and efficient for tracking rates (data)
  4. Labels can have long term effects on a person.
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8
Q

DSM

A

Created to classify and classify psychiatric and psychological disorders (system)

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9
Q

Major changes to DSM-5 (4)

A
  1. use of Arabic numerals
  2. arranged disorders in chronically order
  3. change in labels + new categories
  4. 1 domain instead of 5 (Axis)
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10
Q

DMS use

A

They inspire to diagnose and develop treatment plans (case formulation, including clinical significance)

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11
Q

neurodevelopemental disorders (+EX)

A
  • Relates to development of the nervous system
  • Infancy, early childhood
    Impairment :
  • Social
  • Academic
  • Behavioral
    EX. Autism spectrum disorder (Aspergers)
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12
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (Aspergers)

A

Second year of life
Difficulty to express emotions, attached to routine, and lack communication skills, can be hypersensitive to touch

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13
Q

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

A

Impairment of their function (lost touch with reality)
Serious mental illness (interferes in daily activity)
Many end up homeless

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14
Q

Positive and negative symptoms

A

(mathematical sens +, - )
+ When it adds something to a person’s behavior or sensory repertoire : Hallucination (or inappropriate emotions)
- When it subtracts from a person’s behavior or sensory repertoire : Lack of emotion

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15
Q

Bipolar and related disorders (+EX)

A

Bipolar = two opposites extremes
Alternation of mania episodes and depression episodes

EX. Bipolar II disorder

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16
Q

Mania

A

excessive energy interferes with function at significant level

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17
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A
  • Hypomania (less intense) and major depressive episodes
  • Debilitating condition : disorder that seriously affects someone’s function
18
Q

depressive disorders

A

Long lasting that can affects others surrounding
Major: suicide
Hormonal factors (women 2-3 x more than men)

19
Q

anxiety disorders

A
  • Most common
  • Excessive fear (response to current threats) and anxiety (worrying about future or potential threats)
  • Affects the ability to function
20
Q

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

A
  • Obsession are uncontrollable thoughts, fears, urges, or images, they are recurring unwanted and intrusive
  • Compulsions are recurrent uncontrollable behaviors, compulsive behaviors are obligated (driven by obsession)
    EX. hoarding disorder
21
Q

trauma and stressor-related disorders (+EX)

A
  • Trauma: emotional response to a “shocking, terrifying, dangerous, or life-threatening event”
  • Stress: reaction to life demands
  • Response may involve social withdrawal (avoids people or activities that were once enjoyable), dissociation (disrupts a person) …
  • Effects of vicarious
    EX. PTSD
22
Q

Effects of vicarious

A

experienced when listening, watching, or reading about someone else doing it

23
Q

PTSD (+4 categories)

A

sets within 3 months of exposure to traumatic event
1. re-experiencing symptoms
2. avoidance symptoms
3. cognitive and mood symptoms
4. arousal and reactivity symptoms

24
Q

PTSD : re-experiencing symptoms

A

flashbacks, nightmares, involountaty thoughts

25
Q

PTSD : avoidance symptoms

A

stay away from people or places

26
Q

PTSD : cognitive and mood symptoms

A

inability to remember important features of the trauma event

27
Q

PTSD : arousal and reactivity symptoms

A

being tense and irritable and angry

28
Q

dissociative disorders (+ and - symptoms and EX.)

A

Experiences dissociation: like a separation of “myself” from my body or from reality
+ depersonalization, derealisation, fragment of identity
- loss of memory or mental function
- loss of identity or emotion
EX. multiple personality disorders

29
Q

multiple personality disorder

A
  • Two or more distinct identities (unaware of each other)
  • Extensive memory loss
30
Q

somatic symptom and related disorders (+ EX)

A
  • Somatic: body not mind
  • Its an intense focus on symptoms of physical illness or pain
    EX. Factitious disorder
31
Q

Factitious disorder

A

indure or cause themselves to be sick to seek treatment

32
Q

feeding and eating disorders (+2 EX.)

A

Problem of consuming or absorbing nutrients, leads to physical or emotional health problems
- Feeding disorders : tend to be seen in kids (motivation : food preference, intolerance)
- Eating disorder : teens and adults (emotional response)
EX. binge eating + pica

33
Q

binge eating disorder (4)

A
  • Higher among women
  • Among people seeking to lose weight
  • Loss of control
  • Once per week/3 months
34
Q

pica

A

regular eating of non-food objects (my strange addiction)

35
Q

personality disorders (3 clusters + Ex)

A
  • Drastically different enduring behaviors
  • Only diagnosed when harming
    1. odd and eccentric
    2. dramatic, emotional, erratic
    3. anxious and fearful
    EX. borderline personality disorder
36
Q

borderline personality disorder (4)

A
  • Instability in relationships
  • Self-image
  • Emotion
  • black-and -white thinking (all good or all bad) no gray
37
Q

cluster: odd and eccentric

A

similar to schizophrenia, social awkwardness, social withdrawal, distorted thinking

38
Q

cluster: dramatic, emotional and erratic

A

impulse control, moral reasoning, regulating emotions, irrational

39
Q

cluster: anxious and fearful

A

less impairing then others, shy, nervous, overcautious

40
Q

the biopsychosocial approach

A

biological makeup + psychological experience + social ennviorment
Etiology : underlying causes and contributing factors

psy 1102 (8 decks)

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