module 14 : psychological disorders

Question 1

what is psychological disorders ?

Answer 1

abnormal psychology

Question 2

the four D’s

Answer 2

1. deviance
2. distress
3. dysfunction
4. danger

Question 3

Deviance

Answer 3

behaviors, thoughts and feelings that are not social standard (statistical or cultural)

Question 4

Distress

Answer 4

feeling that are upsetting and cause pain, suffering, sorrow

Question 5

Dysfunction

Answer 5

feelings are disruptive to ones routine

Question 6

Danger

Answer 6

feelings may lead to harm or injury to self or others

Question 7

Labels (4)

Answer 7

1. Provides explanation for abnormal behaviors, thoughts and feelings
2. Provides a language for specialists
3. Manageable and efficient for tracking rates (data)
4. Labels can have long term effects on a person.

Question 8

DSM

Answer 8

Created to classify and classify psychiatric and psychological disorders (system)

Question 9

Major changes to DSM-5 (4)

Answer 9

1. use of Arabic numerals
2. arranged disorders in chronically order
3. change in labels + new categories
4. 1 domain instead of 5 (Axis)

Question 10

DMS use

Answer 10

They inspire to diagnose and develop treatment plans (case formulation, including clinical significance)

Question 11

neurodevelopemental disorders (+EX)

Answer 11

• Relates to development of the nervous system
• Infancy, early childhood
  Impairment :
• Social
• Academic
• Behavioral
  EX. Autism spectrum disorder (Aspergers)

Question 12

Autism spectrum disorder (Aspergers)

Answer 12

Second year of life
Difficulty to express emotions, attached to routine, and lack communication skills, can be hypersensitive to touch

Question 13

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Answer 13

Impairment of their function (lost touch with reality)
Serious mental illness (interferes in daily activity)
Many end up homeless

Question 14

Positive and negative symptoms

Answer 14

(mathematical sens +, - )
+ When it adds something to a person’s behavior or sensory repertoire : Hallucination (or inappropriate emotions)
- When it subtracts from a person’s behavior or sensory repertoire : Lack of emotion

Question 15

Bipolar and related disorders (+EX)

Answer 15

Bipolar = two opposites extremes
Alternation of mania episodes and depression episodes

EX. Bipolar II disorder

Question 16

Mania

Answer 16

excessive energy interferes with function at significant level

Question 17

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 17

• Hypomania (less intense) and major depressive episodes
• Debilitating condition : disorder that seriously affects someone’s function

Question 18

depressive disorders

Answer 18

Long lasting that can affects others surrounding
Major: suicide
Hormonal factors (women 2-3 x more than men)

Question 19

anxiety disorders

Answer 19

• Most common
• Excessive fear (response to current threats) and anxiety (worrying about future or potential threats)
• Affects the ability to function

Question 20

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Answer 20

• Obsession are uncontrollable thoughts, fears, urges, or images, they are recurring unwanted and intrusive
• Compulsions are recurrent uncontrollable behaviors, compulsive behaviors are obligated (driven by obsession)
  EX. hoarding disorder

Question 21

trauma and stressor-related disorders (+EX)

Answer 21

• Trauma: emotional response to a “shocking, terrifying, dangerous, or life-threatening event”
• Stress: reaction to life demands
• Response may involve social withdrawal (avoids people or activities that were once enjoyable), dissociation (disrupts a person) …
• Effects of vicarious
  EX. PTSD

Question 22

Effects of vicarious

Answer 22

experienced when listening, watching, or reading about someone else doing it

Question 23

PTSD (+4 categories)

Answer 23

sets within 3 months of exposure to traumatic event
1. re-experiencing symptoms
2. avoidance symptoms
3. cognitive and mood symptoms
4. arousal and reactivity symptoms

Question 24

PTSD : re-experiencing symptoms

Answer 24

flashbacks, nightmares, involountaty thoughts

Question 25

PTSD : avoidance symptoms

Answer 25

stay away from people or places

Question 26

PTSD : cognitive and mood symptoms

Answer 26

inability to remember important features of the trauma event

Question 27

PTSD : arousal and reactivity symptoms

Answer 27

being tense and irritable and angry

Question 28

dissociative disorders (+ and - symptoms and EX.)

Answer 28

Experiences dissociation: like a separation of “myself” from my body or from reality + depersonalization, derealisation, fragment of identity - loss of memory or mental function - loss of identity or emotion EX. multiple personality disorders

Question 29

multiple personality disorder

Answer 29

- Two or more distinct identities (unaware of each other) - Extensive memory loss

Question 30

somatic symptom and related disorders (+ EX)

Answer 30

- Somatic: body not mind - Its an intense focus on symptoms of physical illness or pain EX. Factitious disorder

Question 31

Factitious disorder

Answer 31

indure or cause themselves to be sick to seek treatment

Question 32

feeding and eating disorders (+2 EX.)

Answer 32

Problem of consuming or absorbing nutrients, leads to physical or emotional health problems - Feeding disorders : tend to be seen in kids (motivation : food preference, intolerance) - Eating disorder : teens and adults (emotional response) EX. binge eating + pica

Question 33

binge eating disorder (4)

Answer 33

- Higher among women - Among people seeking to lose weight - Loss of control - Once per week/3 months

Question 34

pica

Answer 34

regular eating of non-food objects (my strange addiction)

Question 35

personality disorders (3 clusters + Ex)

Answer 35

- Drastically different enduring behaviors - Only diagnosed when harming 1. odd and eccentric 2. dramatic, emotional, erratic 3. anxious and fearful EX. borderline personality disorder

Question 36

borderline personality disorder (4)

Answer 36

- Instability in relationships - Self-image - Emotion - black-and -white thinking (all good or all bad) no gray

Question 37

cluster: odd and eccentric

Answer 37

similar to schizophrenia, social awkwardness, social withdrawal, distorted thinking

Question 38

cluster: dramatic, emotional and erratic

Answer 38

impulse control, moral reasoning, regulating emotions, irrational

Question 39

cluster: anxious and fearful

Answer 39

less impairing then others, shy, nervous, overcautious

Question 40

the biopsychosocial approach

Answer 40

biological makeup + psychological experience + social ennviorment Etiology : underlying causes and contributing factors