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psy 1102 > module 13 : social psychology > Flashcards

module 13 : social psychology Flashcards

1
Q

attribution theory

A

frame work to understand theories behind others actions

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2
Q

causes (____/____) x2

A
  1. dispositional/internal causes
  2. situational/external causes
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3
Q

dispositional / internal cause

A

encompass personality traits and characteristics of the person (it is something within the person we observe, labeling)

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4
Q

situational / external causes

A

are a function of the environment (it is caused by something outside the person we observe)

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5
Q

Kelley’s Covariation Model of Attribution (3)

A
  1. consistency
  2. distinctiveness
  3. consensus
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6
Q

model of attribution : Consistency

A

more likely to be result of internal factors

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7
Q

model of attribution : Distinctiveness

A

to compare to other contexts

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8
Q

model of attribution : consensus

A

to compare to other people

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9
Q

Fundamental attribution error (3)

A
  1. actor-observer bias
  2. self-serving bias
  3. false consensus effect
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10
Q

attribution error : actor-observer bias

A

self =situational (external)
others = disposition (internal)

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11
Q

attribution error : self-serving bias

A

Success = internal
Failure = external
*To preserve or enhance our self-esteem

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12
Q

attribution error : false consensus effect

A

Overestimate the degree to which other people share our beliefs

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13
Q

impression formulation

A

first few seconds it takes to formulate opinions about others

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14
Q

primacy effect

A

initial impression last the longest, it is hard to erase the negative because its given more weight

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15
Q

confirmation bias

A

when we are more likely to attend facts that are consistent to our first impressions and discard those who oppose to the beliefs

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16
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When our attitude affects our behavior. Example: Confidence

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17
Q

social influence

A

Our thoughts and behaviors affected by the presence of others and norms

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18
Q

social norms

A

vary actress context, culture, and time

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19
Q

individualistc cultures

A

Western, individual gains

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20
Q

collectivist cultures

A

eastern culture, collective growth

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21
Q

social script

A

using social cues to provide information on how to act

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22
Q

the “Asch effect” (term and def)

A

conformity
Acting like there’s to blend in but is affected by sex, locus control, and culture

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23
Q

group thinking (3 components to poor decisions)

A
  1. overestimating the group
  2. closed-mindedness
  3. pressure for uniformity
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24
Q

overestimating the group

A

perceived invulnerability, morality

25
Q

closed-mindedness

A

divergent thinking discouraged, collective rationalization and stereotyped views of an out-group (person vs homogenous group)

26
Q

pressure for uniformity

A

counter-productive until various alternative solutions have been thoroughly considered
Examples: pearl Harbor, Challenger Space-shuttle

27
Q

the milligram experiment

A

how far is too far (shocking when wrong answer)
root of obedience (hitler and nazi)

28
Q

obedience to authority (3)

A
  1. milgram experiment
  2. social roles and power of the situation
  3. the bystander effect
29
Q

social roles and power of the situation

A

Stanford prison experiment (Zimbardo)
Guards vs prisoners : Supposed to last 2 weeks but ended after 6 days because the rôles were taken to seriously

30
Q

the bystander effect (def + 2)

A

When less likely to receive help when the number of witnesses increases.
1. diffusion of responsibility
2. pluralistic ignorance

31
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

Less accountability when the number of people involved increases

32
Q

pluralistic ignorance

A

When people fail to act because of uncertainty, staying ignorant to the situation

33
Q

Darely and latane - decision process (3)

A
  1. noticing
  2. interpreting
  3. assuming responsibility
34
Q

Cultural script of simpatico

A

“a range of amicable social qualities- to be friendly, nice, agreeable, and good nature”

35
Q

cognitive dissonance theory (Leon Festinger)

A

When people’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent

36
Q

dissonance-reduction approaches (4)

A
  1. attitude change
  2. behavior change
  3. attitude distortion
  4. behavior distortion
37
Q

stereotype threat

A

when group is scared of confirming negative expectations

38
Q

prejudice

A

Learned negative attitudes or opinions towards a certain group

39
Q

discrimination (3)

A
  1. scapegoat
  2. realistic conflict theory
  3. robbers cave study
40
Q

discrimination: scape goat

A
  1. Target those with less power
  2. Feel empowered
  3. Minorities target minorities
41
Q

discrimination: realistic conflict theory (2)

A
  1. limited resources
  2. competition conflict
42
Q

discrimination: robbers cave study

A

In-group (the group to who you belong)
Mutual interdependence (different groups work together towards a superordinate goal)

43
Q

interpersonal attraction (3)

A
  1. similarity
  2. proximity
  3. physical attractiveness
44
Q

attraction: similarity

A

share similar ideologies and interests “opposites attract”

45
Q

attraction: proximity

A

physical nearness “mere exposure effect”

46
Q

theories of agression (2) + models (2)

A
  1. instrumental agression
  2. hostile agression
  3. biological models
  4. environmental models
47
Q

hostile agression

A

purpose of inflicting harm

48
Q

instrumental agression

A

aggression is purposeful and used to achieve a goal (sports)

49
Q

agression: biological model (4)

A
  1. Genetics : Y chromosome (0.6 + aggression)
  2. Hormones : testosterone (=violence) and serotonin
  3. Brain physiology : limbic system (emotional behavior) and the amygdala (linked to aggression), frontal lobes (impulse) and when affected it can be associated to aggression
  4. Alcohol : biological and psychological effects
50
Q

agression: environmental models (3)

A
  1. behaviour modelling
  2. social learning
    • bobo doll (Bandura)
50
Q

Prosocial behaviors / altruism (def)

A

Helping others (expectation and acknowledgment) / not worrying about the cost or risks (selfless)

51
Q

reciprocal altruism

A

want something in return (scorekeeping)

52
Q

compliance

A

to get people to do what you want

53
Q

reciprocity norm

A

if someone helps us, we should payback

54
Q

Persuasion/compliance (def + 3 méthodes)

A

use the reciprocity norm to gain compliance
1. foot-in door
2. door in the face technique
3. lowballing

55
Q

compliance: foot-in-door

A

ask for rides (close places)

56
Q

compliance: door-in the face

A

ask big to settle for less (that was their goal)

57
Q

compliance: lowballing

A

sells men

psy 1102 (8 decks)

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