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psy 1102 > module 12 : personality > Flashcards

module 12 : personality Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

an enduring set of internal characteristics that produce uniqueness and consistency in the way one acts

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2
Q

psychodynamic perspectives

A

Freud
Neo freudian :
Jung
Adler
Horney

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3
Q

Freuds patients

A

all girls having “nervous disorders”
Hysteria : “uterus”

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4
Q

Freuds ice berg model

A

conscious
preconscious
unconscious

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5
Q

conscious

A

what we are aware of

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6
Q

preconscious

A

normally unaware, we can retrieve this information from memories

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7
Q

unconscious

A

most influential part, needs special techniques to access them

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8
Q

tools to access unconscious

A

hypnosis
free association
dream analysis

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9
Q

free association

A

freely share our feelings, thoughts, emotions
Therapy

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10
Q

dream analysis

A

manifest content : what the dreamer remembers
latent content : reflexion of true feelings, underlying meaning

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11
Q

id

A

how I want to behave
Pleasure principle
- sexual and agressive urges
- animalistic
- basic human needs

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12
Q

ego

A

how do I behave
Reality principle
- mediates between id and superego
- how to express id in a socially acceptable matter

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13
Q

superego

A

how should i behave
Based on morality
- compass of what’s right and wrong
- ego ideal and consciousness (pride and shame)

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14
Q

eros

A

sexual urges

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15
Q

thanatos

A

agressive impulses

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16
Q

reality anxiety

A

concerns real life danger (ego)

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17
Q

moral anxiety

A

when superego is alerted to possibly violate moral code

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18
Q

neurotic anxiety

A

concerns ego might be aware of id might start acting up

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19
Q

repression

A

sexual assault
- forget all details

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20
Q

reaction formation

A

when a closed gay tries to hide behind homophobia

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21
Q

projection

A

pretending everyone else cheated too to feel better about myself

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22
Q

regression

A

reacting in a way you would in earlier stage (throwing a fit)

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23
Q

sublimation

A

transforming unacceptable impulses into something socially acceptable (kink doctor)

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24
Q

denial

A

refusing the obvious truth

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25
Q

rationalization

A

trying to justify unacceptable actions

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26
Q

displacement

A

takes out anger on someone else

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27
Q

5 stages : psychosexual

A

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

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28
Q

oral

A

pleasure comes from mouth

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29
Q

anal

A

pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder

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30
Q

phallic

A

pleasure zone is genitals

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31
Q

latency

A

dominant sexual feelings

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32
Q

genital

A

maturation of sexual interests

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33
Q

evaluating freud

A

his study was bias
when who were seeking help “unhealthy personalities”

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34
Q

Jung’s analytic perspective

A

collective unconscious and archetypes

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35
Q

collective unconscious

A

memories and experiences are interconnected though past experiences to other individuals across generations and locations

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36
Q

archetypes

A

universals thoughts patterns ans behaviours triggered by specific situations
3 (types)

37
Q

persona

A

act to get along with others (super ego)

38
Q

shadow

A

more dark and primitive side of personality (id)

39
Q

self

A

most important, unites other aspects of personality (ego)

40
Q

Adlers individual perspecticve

A

Social interest
Supuority vs inferiority complex (when can’t complete stage of development)
Personal achievement

41
Q

Horneys interpersonal perspective

A

social security, basic anxiety, basic hostility, moving forward, against, away

42
Q

social security

A

feeling safe and love by the people surrounding us

43
Q

basic anxiety

A

don’t feel safe or loved in their social circle

44
Q

basic hostility

A

emerges when they believe that significant other is not helping to create secure environment

45
Q

moving toward people

A

speaking and behaving in a way people with like and take care of them

46
Q

moving away from people

A

withdraw emotions in hopes that others not be able to harm them

47
Q

moving against people

A

hurt them before they hurt me

48
Q

evaluating Neo-freudian perspective

A
  • their theories are non-testable
  • they expended freud theory into Anthropologie (Jung) and social (Horney)
  • learn about unconscious
49
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

Maslow
Rogers

50
Q

Maslow motivational perspective

A

the hierarchy of needs :
self-actualization
esteem
love/belonging
safety
physiological

51
Q

physiological

A

house, sleep, food, sexual

52
Q

safety

A

work, property, health, family

53
Q

love/belonging

A

friendship, family, intimacy

54
Q

esteem

A

self- esteem, respect by others

55
Q

self-actualization

A

to reach full potential

56
Q

rogers self theory

A

self-concept
self-esteem
conditional positive regard
unconditional positive regard

57
Q

self-concept

A

how one perceives their own characteristics, skills, qualities, and abilities

58
Q

self-esteem

A

how a person positively or negatively vine themselves based on their evaluation on themselves based on life experience

59
Q

conditional positive regard

A

placing limits on the acceptance of a person

60
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

acceptance no matter what

61
Q

evaluating humanistic perspectives

A
  • more positive, encourages self improvement
  • questioning the pyramid because everyones socioeconomic needs are different
62
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

Bandura
Rotter
Gratification

63
Q

banduras self-systems

A
  • self system : is a “set of cognitive tools” that people use to observe, evaluate, regulate they behaviours in different situations
  • self efficacy: people evaluate their own performances
64
Q

rotters social learning perspective

A

locus control : in what degree an individual know what they can and can’t control (or if its outside forces)

65
Q

internal locus control

A

they believe they are in control of their lives (better adjusted)

66
Q

external locus control

A

they believe they lack control of all events
Learn helplessness : everything that happens is out of their control, they cant prevent anything

67
Q

the delay of gratification

A

small quick, or longer but bigger

68
Q

evaluating the social cognitive perspective

A
  • when watts redid research, they didn’t consider the social context of the individual
  • learn conscious awareness
69
Q

biological perspective

A
  • behavioural genetics
  • neurological
  • evolutionary
70
Q

behavioural genetics perspective

A

considers situational variables (socio-economic status)
- concordance rate : the degree in which characteristics, traits, or disease occurs in one twin to another

71
Q

concordance rate : mono

A

r= .47

72
Q

concordance rate : diz

A

r= .21

73
Q

neurological perspective

A
  • physiological factors (hormones and transmitters)
  • brain activity (arousal and inhibition)
74
Q

serotonin

A

associated with thrill seeking activities
- sensation seekers : desire to take greater and greater risks

75
Q

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

A

regulates brain arousal
- Introverts vs extroverts

76
Q

evolutionary perspective

A

adaptive responses
- survival and reproduction

77
Q

survival

A
  • consciousness : health promotion vs risk
  • optimism : more likely to have fewer symptoms (feeling in control = better immune system)
78
Q

reproduction

A

FII (functionally Infertile Individual)
- functionally infertile, but behaves agains sexual acts

79
Q

evaluating biological perspective

A

our behaviour have been shaped with evolution

80
Q

the trait perspective

A

seek to identify what trait compromise personality (enduring)
- Eysenck 3 factor
- 5 factor

81
Q

Eysenck 3-factor theory

A

PEN
- psychoticism - impulse control
- extraversion -introversion
- neuroticism - emotionally stable

82
Q

5 factor model

A

OCEAN
- openness
- consciouness
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism

83
Q

evaluation of the trait perspective

A
  • traits can be differentiate between people, but personality can be measured on continuum
  • personality test do not predict behaviours well
84
Q

methods for measuring

A
  • personal interviews
  • observational assessment techniques
  • projective technique
  • psychophysiological assessment techniques
85
Q

observational assessment techniques

A
  • behavioural observations
  • self monitoring
  • thought sampling techniques
86
Q

objective self-report technique

A

fixed format
MMPI test

87
Q

projective techniques

A

projective test (lack of reliability, provide verbal material)
- association technique
- construction technique

88
Q

psychophysiological assesment technique

A
  • electrophysiological measures : heartbeat, muscles tension, sweat …
  • biochemical measures : hormones
  • EEG (cortical activity)
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

psy 1102 (8 decks)

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