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A&P > Module 14 Special Senses > Flashcards

Module 14 Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

aur/o

A

ear

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2
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea

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3
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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4
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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5
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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6
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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7
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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8
Q

propri/o

A

own

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9
Q

tympan/o

A

eardrum

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10
Q

general senses

A

touch, pressure, stretch, heat, cold, pain

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11
Q

special senses

A

have complex sense organs located only in the head such as eye and ear; used for taste, smell, hearing, equilibrium, and vision

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12
Q

thermoreceptors

A

detect heat and cold

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13
Q

mecanoreceptors

A

detect touch, vibration, stretch, and pressure; stimulated by mechanically disturbing the dendrite of the neuron

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14
Q

nociceptors

A

pain receptors that detect tissue injury or potential tissue injury; receptors may be stimulated by a chemical, temperature, or mechanical disturbance

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15
Q

4 kinds of information transmitted to the brain from the receptors of the general senses:

A
  1. type of sensation
  2. location
  3. intensity
  4. duration
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16
Q

pathway for pain

A

unipolar neuron - spinal cord- medulla oblongata- pons- midbrain- thalamus- parietal lobe OR unipolar neuron- spinal cord- reticular formation0 hypothalamus and limbic system

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17
Q

gustation

A

taste; approximately 10k taste buds most being on tongue but some on lining of cheeks and on throughout the mouth

18
Q

lingual papillae

A

bumps on the tongue; most contain multiple taste buds

19
Q

cell types of the taste buds

A
  1. taste cells (sensory cells)
  2. basal cells
  3. support cells
20
Q

5 primary tastes:

A
  1. salt
  2. sweet
  3. sour
  4. bitter
  5. umami
21
Q

pathway for taste

A

cranial nerve- medulla oblongata- hypothalamus (for salivation, gagging, emotional responses)
AND cranial nerve- medulla oblongata- pons- midbrain- thalamus- parietal lobe

22
Q

olfaction

A

sense of smell; about 12mil olfactory receptor cells; receptors located in the olfactory mucosa of the roof of the nasal cavity

23
Q

pathway for olfaction

A

bipolar neuron- CN1- temporal lobe- frontal lobe (also to hypothalamus and amygdala for reactive responses like coughing, and sneezing)

24
Q

hertz

A

Hz; measures pitch in cycles per second

25
Q

ossicles

A

3 small bones in the middle ear: the malleus, incus, and the stapes

26
Q

eustachian tube

A

aka auditory tube; normally flattened and closed, but opens during yawning or swallowing to allow air to enter the middle ear

27
Q

static equilibrium

A

perceived when the head is stationary or moving in a straight line

28
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

perceived when the head is rotating

29
Q

vestibular apparatus

A

contains receptors for both types of equilibrium

30
Q

saccule

A

used to perceive vertical movement of the head, as going up/down in an elevator

31
Q

utricle

A

used for horizontal movement of the head, as in acceleration in a car

32
Q

otolith

A

calcium carbonate and protein granules which are suspended in the otolithic membrane

33
Q

semicircular canals

A

perceives dynamic equilibrium (transverse, coronal, and sagittal planes)

34
Q

orbital region

A

contains: eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, and tarsal glands

35
Q

conjunctiva

A

a thin, transparent membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white, exposed surface of the eye; secretes a mucous film to prevent the eye from drying

36
Q

3 layers of the eyeball:

A
  1. sclera- outermost layer
  2. uvea- middle layer
  3. retina- innermost layer
37
Q

uvea

A

3 regions: choroid layer, ciliary body, and the iris

38
Q

retina

A

contains rods and cones (photoreceptors) and associated neurons important for vision; axons of the bipolar neurons come together to leave the retina to form the optic nerve

39
Q

rods

A

used for gray-scale and low-light conditions

40
Q

cones

A

used for color vision and are responsible for the best visual acuity

A&P (10 decks)

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