Module 14 Nervous System

Question 1

cephal/o

Answer 1

head

Question 2

dur/o

Answer 2

tough

Question 3

encephal/o

Answer 3

grain

Question 4

gangli/o

Answer 4

ganglion

Question 5

gli/o

Answer 5

glue

Question 6

medull/o

Answer 6

medulla

Question 7

myel/o

Answer 7

spinal cord

Question 8

neur/o

Answer 8

nerve

Question 9

poli/o

Answer 9

gray matter

Question 10

sensory neurons

Answer 10

carry afferent (incoming) messages to the brain or spinal cord

Question 11

motor neurons

Answer 11

carry efferent (outgoing) messages away from the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

parasympathetic

Answer 12

division of autonomic part of efferent nerves; sends electrical messages to carry out functions for vegetative activities like digestion, defecation, and urination

Question 13

sympathetic

Answer 13

division of autonomic part or efferent nerves; sends electrical messages to prepare the body of physical activity, often referred to as fight or flight

Question 14

dendrites

Answer 14

branch-like part of neuron that receives information

Question 15

body

Answer 15

part of neuron that contains the nucleus and organelles for protein synthesis

Question 16

axon

Answer 16

part of neuron that carries the nerve impulse along its length to the synaptic knobs at the end of the neuron

Question 17

3 basic types of neurons:

Answer 17

1. multipolar- have multiple dendrites and an axon
2. bipolar- one dendrite and one axon
3. unipolar- have one process that serves as dendrite and axon; grouped together to form ganglia

Question 18

6 types of neuroglia:

Answer 18

1. oligodendrocytes
2. ependymal cells
3. astrocytes
4. microglia
5. Schwann cells
6. satellite cells

Question 19

Meninges

Answer 19

cover brain and spinal cord; 3 layers: dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 20

CSF

Answer 20

cerebrospinal fluid; made by ependymal cells lining ventricles in the brain; clear, colorless fluid that provide buoyancy and cushion for the brain, facilitates chemical stability, and provides nutrients

Question 21

4 subdivisions of the brain:

Answer 21

cerebrum, diencephalon, the brainstem, and the cerebellum

Question 22

gyri

Answer 22

folds seen on the surface of the cerebrum

Question 23

sulci

Answer 23

grooves on the cerebrum

Question 24

2 parts of the diencephalon

Answer 24

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 25

4 parts of the brainstem

Answer 25

1. medulla oblongata
2. pons
3. midbrain
4. reticular formation

Question 26

cerebellum

Answer 26

has tracts of arbor vitae (white matter) branching like a tree inside grey matter; receives sensory messages concerning the positioning of limbs, muscles, and joints which then fine-tunes efferent skeletal muscle messages

Question 27

cauda equina

Answer 27

the bundle of nerve roots that extends from L1 to S5 in the vertebral cavity

Question 28

nerve

Answer 28

bundle of nerve fibers with an arrangement and connective tissues similar to those of the muscle fibers of a muscle;

Question 29

endoneurium

Answer 29

connective tissue surrounding an axon of an individual neuron

Question 30

fasicles

Answer 30

bundles of axons which are surrounded by perineurium

Question 31

nerve

Answer 31

bundle of fascicles which is surrounded by epineurium

Question 32

cranial nerves

Answer 32

connect directly to the brain not going through the spinal cord; numbered in the order that they come off the inferior surface of the brain;

Question 33

spinal nerves

Answer 33

31 pairs of spinal nerves that connect to the spinal cord; numbered according to where they attach to the cord on the vertebral column

Question 34

dermatomes

Answer 34

divided areas of skin that send signals to the brain through the spinal nerves