Module 11 Male Reproductive System

Question 1

BPH

Answer 1

benign prostatic hyperplasia; noncancerous enlargement of the periurethral prostate glad that can make urination difficult

Question 2

BPH causes

Answer 2

increasingly more common after 50; probably caused by change in hormones

Question 3

BPH symptoms

Answer 3

block the flow of urine; nocturia, difficulty starting urination, urgency and frequency increases

Question 4

BPH complications

Answer 4

uncommon, but may increase the pressure in the bladder and limit flow from kidneys; obstruction can cause bladder to overstretch causing incontinence; urinary retention (no urination)

Question 5

BPH diagnosis

Answer 5

UA, DRE, sometimes uroflowmetry, Bx, or MRI;

Question 6

BPH treatments

Answer 6

not necessary unless BPH causes especially bothersome symptoms or complications; treatments include: drugs (alpha-adrenergic blockers), surgery (transurethral resection of the prostate {TURP})

Question 7

zygote

Answer 7

fertilized egg; 23rd pair of chromosomes determine gender– if there is a Y chromosome present then the zygote will be male

Question 8

gametes

Answer 8

sex cells like sperm and eggs

Question 9

tunica albuginea

Answer 9

outer fibrous capsule that covers the testis

Question 10

seminiferous tubulues

Answer 10

each of 250-300 lobules in each testis contains 1-4 seminiferous tuvules; lead to to a newtowrk of ducts called rete testis

Question 11

interstitial cells

Answer 11

AKA cells of Leydig; lie between seminiferous tubules and lobules; endocrine cells that produce testosterone

Question 12

secondary reproductive organs and structures

Answer 12

scrotum, spermatic cord, spermatic ducts, accessory glands–two seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and two bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands–, and penis

Question 13

dartos muscle

Answer 13

smooth muscle of the scrotum that works to maintain the testes temperature

Question 14

cremaster muscle

Answer 14

derived from the internal abdominal oblique muscle; works to regulate temperature for the testes

Question 15

seminal vesicles

Answer 15

secrete a thick, yellowish fluid that makes up 60% of semen; contains sugar and other carbs to nourish sperm and protein to help semen adhere to vaginal walls

Question 16

prostate gland

Answer 16

produces a thin, whitish fluid that makes up 30% of semen

Question 17

bulbourethral glands

Answer 17

produce trace amounts of a fluid that lubricates the end of the penis to make intercourse easier and neutralizes the pH of the male urethra which usually carries acidic urine

Question 18

spermatozoon

Answer 18

single cell with a head and tail

Question 19

puberty

Answer 19

testosterone beings production again after stopping a few months after birth; begins with production of FSH and LH at approximately 10-12 and ends with the first ejaculation of viable sperm at around 13

Question 20

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 20

skeletal and muscle development, changes in the larynx that cause a deeper voice, development of axillary and pubic hair with activation of associated apocrine glands, development of facial hair and possible thickening of body hair, and development of libido

Question 21

meiosis

Answer 21

cell division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes; PMAT

Question 22

mitosis

Answer 22

one-division process in which a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells

Question 23

spermatogenesis

Answer 23

first process in sperm production; produces 4 cells from spermatogonia– a germ cell with 46 chromosomes; makes spermatids

Question 24

spermiogenesis

Answer 24

second process in sperm production transforming spermatids to functional sperm; spermatid forms a tail and sheds it cytoplasm

Question 25

pathway of a spermatoon

Answer 25

seminiferous tubules, rete testes, efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, to the outside

Question 26

four stages of sexual response

Answer 26

1. arousal
2. emission
3. ejaculation
4. resolution