Module 10 Skeletal System

Question 1

ankyl/o

Answer 1

bent, crooked

Question 2

burs/o

Answer 2

sac

Question 3

myel/o

Answer 3

bone marrow, spinal cord

Question 4

Functions of the skeletal system:

Answer 4

protects organs, produces blood cells, helps maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance

Question 5

axial skeleton

Answer 5

cranial bones, facial bones, spinal column, sternum and ribs, and hyoid bone

Question 6

appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

bones of arms, legs, and girdles (the bones that attach the arms and legs to the trunk)

Question 7

5 classes of bones:

Answer 7

1. long bones
2. short bones
3. flat bones
4. irregular bones
5. sesamoid bones

Question 8

long bones

Answer 8

longer than it is wide and has clubby ends; ex. arms, legs fingers and toes

Question 9

short bones

Answer 9

not longer than they are wide; ex. wrist bones and proximal foot bones that are cube shaped

Question 10

flat bones

Answer 10

ex. sternum, ribs, and cranial bones

Question 11

irregular bones

Answer 11

have processes, spines, and ridges that stick out and serve as attachments; ex. vertebrae

Question 12

sesamoid bones

Answer 12

look like sesame seeds; grow in tendons where there is a lot of friction; ex. patellas

Question 13

foramina

Answer 13

singular: foramen; holes or openings in the skull; largest is foramen magnum which allows the spinal cord to move through the occipital bone

Question 14

costal facets

Answer 14

smooth surfaces on the 12 thoracic vertebrae in which the ribs attach to

Question 15

sternum

Answer 15

3 parts: manubrium, the body , and the xiphoid process

Question 16

Ribs

Answer 16

12 rib pairs; top 7 are true ribs, 8-12 are false ribs because they do not have individual costal cartilages, 11 an 12 are floating ribs

Question 17

hyoid

Answer 17

u-shaped bone between the mandible and the larynx

Question 18

ossa coxae

Answer 18

the three bones of the pelvic girdle: ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 19

two types of bone tissue

Answer 19

compact bone (dense and organized, in shafts of long bones) and cancellous bone (spongy, in the end of long bones and the middle of flat and irregular bones)

Question 20

Haversian systems

Answer 20

concentric arrangement of bone connective tissue in compact bone

Question 21

3 types of cartilage:

Answer 21

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage; all have the same cells, fibers and matrix but differ by how the fibers are arranged

Question 22

hyaline cartilage

Answer 22

found covering the ends of long bones, in the costal cartilage, and in nasal cartilage; collagen fibers are barely visible

Question 23

elastic cartilage

Answer 23

found in outer ear flap and epiglottis; fibers run in all directions giving the cartilage elasticity

Question 24

fibrocartilage

Answer 24

in intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and meniscus of the knee; collagen fibers are very visible and run in only one direction; serves as shock absorbers

Question 25

red bone marrow

Answer 25

found in the spaces of cancellous bone; composed of stem cells which produce both RBCs, WBCs and platelets

Question 26

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 26

found in mature long bones; originally was red bone marrow but by the time the bone matures the marrow is yellow and mostly fatty tissue; doesn’t produce blood cells

Question 27

types of bone development

Answer 27

intramembranous ossification (flat bones) & endochondral ossification (long bones)

Question 28

types of bone growth

Answer 28

endochondral growth (along the epiphyseal plate), appositional bone growth (not length, but mass),

Question 29

effects of aging on the skeletal system

Answer 29

reabsorption is greater than deposition decreasing bone mass and density; vertebra become thinner resulting in a shorter trunk and stooped posture, this changes gait and balance (increasing risk of falling), joints stiffen, phalangeal joints lose cartilage