Module 12 Flashcards
Between-subjects Design
An experiment in which different subjects are assigned to each group.
Ceiling Effect
A limitation of the measuring instrument that limits the ability of the instrument to differentiate between scores at the top of the scale.
College Sophomore Problem
The problem resulting from using mainly college sophomores as participants in research studies.
Conceptual Replication
A study based on another study that uses different methods, a different manipulation, or a different measure.
Diffusion of Treatment
A threat to internal validity in which observed changes in the behaviors or responses of participants may be due to information received from other participants in the study.
Double-blind Experiment
An experimental procedure in which neither the experimenter nor the participant know the condition to which each participant has been assigned.
Exact Replication
Replication of a study using the same means of manipulating and measuring the variables as in the original study.
Experimenter Effect
A threat to internal validity in which the experimenter, consciously or unconsciously, affects the results of the study.
External Validity
The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized.
Floor Effect
A limitation of the measuring instrument that limits the ability of the instrument to differentiate between scores at the bottom of the scale.
History Effect
A threat to internal validity where an outside event, that is not a part of the manipulation of the experiment, could be responsible for the results.
Instrumentation Effect
A threat to internal validity in which changes in the dependent variable may occur due to changes in the measuring device.
Maturation Effect
A threat to internal validity where the possibility of naturally occurring changes within the participants is responsible for the observed results.
Mortality (Attrition)
A threat to internal validity in which a differential drop out rate may be observed between the experimental and control groups leading to inequality between the groups.
Placebo
An inert substance that participants believe is a treatment
Placebo Group
A group of condition in which participants believe they are receiving treatment but are not.
Posttest-only Control Group Design
An experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured after the manipulation of the independent variable.
Pretest-posttest Control Group Design
An experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured both before and after manipulation of the independent variable.
Single-blind Experiment
An experimental procedure in which the participant does not know the condition to which he has been assigned.
Solomon Four-group Design
A design with four groups that is a combination of the posttest-only control group design and the pretest/posttest control group design.
Subject (Participant) Effect
A threat to internal validity in which the subject consciously or unconsciously, affects the results of the study.
Systematic Replication
A study that varies from an original study in one systematic way, for example, by using a different number or type of participants, a different setting, or more levels of the independent variable.
Testing Effect
A threat to internal validity in which repeated testing leads to better or worse scores.
