Module 1 Flashcards
Applied Research
The study of psychological issues that have practical significance and potential solutions.
Basic Research
The study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake.
Description
Carefully observing behavior in order to describe it.
Empirically Solvable Problems
Questions that are potentially answerable by means of currently available research techniques.
Explanation
Identifying the causes that determine when and why a behavior occurs.
Hypothesis
A prediction regarding the outcome of a study, often involving the relationship between two variables in a study.
Knowledge via Authority
Knowledge gained from those viewed as authority figures.
Knowledge via Empiricism
Knowledge gained through observation of organisms and events in the real world.
Knowledge via Intuition
Knowledge gained without being consciously aware of its source.
Knowledge via Rationalism
Knowledge gained through logical reasoning.
Knowledge via Science
Knowledge gained through a combination of empirical methods and logical reasoning.
Knowledge via Superstition
Knowledge that is based on subjective feelings, belief in chance, or belief in magic events.
Knowledge via Tenacity
Knowledge gained from repeated ideas and stubbornly clung to despite evidence to the contrary.
Prediction
Identifying the factors that indicate when an event or events will occur.
Principle of Falsifiability
The idea that a scientific theory must be stated in such a way that it is possible to refute or disconfirm it.
Pseudoscience
Making claims that appear to be scientific but that actually violate the criteria of science.
Public Verification
Presenting research to the public so that it can be observed, replicated, criticized, and tested.
Skeptic
A person who questions the validity, authenticity, or truth of something purporting to be factual.
Systematic Empiricism
Making observations in a systematic manner in order to test hypotheses and refute or develop a theory.
Theory
An organized system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how they are related.
Variable
An event or behavior that has at least two values.
3 criteria that define science
systamatic empiricism
public verification
empirically solvable problems
7 ways to gain knowledge
supestition intuition authority Tenacity rationalism empiricism Science
Why do 6 out of the 7 ways to gain knowledge fail to be reliable? Why is science different?
They either lack logic, empiricism or both. Science relies on both logic and empiricism.
