modularity and vision

Question 1

speed identification challenge top-down feedback

Answer 1

decide whether 20ms image had animal. release if yes hold if no
reaction time approximately 400ms
high percentage correct
ERP measures indicate could be closer to 100ms

Question 2

Neurological evidence for no top-down feedback

Answer 2

min 10 synapses separating retina and cells in temporal cortex
tie taken to transmit info along neuron and to next neuron no time for feedback.

Question 3

Challenging top-down view

Answer 3

doesn’t penetrate
cant directly influence what we see but are top-down processing within visual

Question 4

Word superiority effect

Answer 4

example of top-down effects within able to identify word better then individual letter and letter better when in embedded within a word compared to when on its own.
x- may only be within orthographic system

Question 5

other challenges don’t reflect top-down outside of visual system

Answer 5

visual illusion only impact what pay attention to
most other so subtle no subjective sense of the effect

Question 6

Examples of outside effect on vision

Answer 6

motivation- muffin look larger if hungry
Action- weight of backpack impact steepness of slope judgment
emotion- smiling faces brighter
categorisation- knowing typical colour impacts perception of colour

Question 7

no top-down effect on compelling visual illusions

Answer 7

cannot be willed away (checkerboard see different colour even if shown they are the same)
so no higher-level cognition
amnes still seem as larger even when know shape of room

Question 8

slightly compelling subjective experience of background knowledge impacting perception

Answer 8

typical structure of black and white face. same brightness. seen black face as darker. example of top-down forder modularity
x- may just be shape and colour processing within module
x- effect persists with blur so probably just low-level processing

Question 9

meaning of arrows impacting perception

Answer 9

circles appear to move in direction of arrows - background knowledge of arrows impacting perception
x- take away arrows and effect still exists. effect due to low level details of circle (bottom-up)

Question 10

What examples of top-down feedback might refelct

Answer 10

-top-down within visual system
- attention impacting input
-behavioural effect that cant really see suggesting effects might not be real

Question 11

Control of hearing

Answer 11

can choose which option you hear

Question 12

modularity of vision vs language

Answer 12

language two-way as speak and listen
visual more one-wat as only see meaning modularity more characteristic of vision