Modular and non-modular language Flashcards
systems in the brain
use different systems to code for different senses
cognitive neuroscience organised to more specific systems
- selective difficulty in identifying words/objects/faces
- selective difficulty in binocular vision, colour and motion perception
-word meaning deafness
-specific sematic categories deficit
main argument (interaction of system
great deal of interaction between systems vs interactions are highly limited (Fodorian modularity-info transmitted between systems one-way)
Fodor
modular system (vertical) interface with outside world
like reflexes given input go off without regard to expectations
central high level (horizontal) systems are non-modular (problem solving)
illusion support for Fodorian
Muller-Lyer illusion still see illusion despite knowing they are the same length
information encapsulation
higher level don’t penetrate inside model so no top-down processing
Massive modularity
evolutionary psychology focus on domain specificity of modules that are product of evolution
Fodorian modularity
how different systems interact during performance
spoken word and no modularity
no semantic top-down effects on phenome perception.
phenome-> syllables -> words -> semantics
spoken word and type 1 feedback
lexical phonological (words) feedbacks but not semantic
consistent with Fodor as phonological module extends from phonemes to words
spoken word and type 2 feedback
semantic top-down effects on speech perception
incompatible with Fodorian modularity
Phoneme restoration effect
hallucinate letter s even when taken out of word legislate
standard view is this is top-down influences (feedback)
Testing type 1 with selective adaptation technique
listen to one phoneme during adaption phase. test phenome and one that differs by single phonetic feature. must classify which one it is. boundary between the phenomes shifts towards adapting phenome. make less of those responses - fatigued first phenome detector so ambiguous phenomes will activate other phenome detector more strongly
Combining restoration effect and selective adaptation
listeners hear multiple repetitions
3 conditions
1- words containing d (standard adaptation)
2- d replaced with noise (phenome restoration
3- d replaced with silence (no restoration)
categorize phenomes along b and 1-adapatation effect
2- adaptation effect smaller
3- no adaptation suggesting top-down effects (argue for type 1 feedback)
Pause detection
time taken to identify pause in speech
lexical-phonological activation
late unique words start similar to other words and many words co-activated longer to identify
early unique words don’t share beginning
context effect on early and late unique words
early words unaffected by context
late words context relevant as context constrain how many words are activated in lexical-phonological system
