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MODIFIED RELEASE Flashcards

1
Q

Used to describe dosage forms having drug release features based on; time, course, location that are designed to accomplish therapeutic

A

MODIFIED RELEASE

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2
Q
  • Dosage form allows a reduction in dosing frequency
  • drug is released slowly
A

EXTENDED RELEASE

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3
Q
  • Release the drug from the dosage form at a time other than promptly after administration
  • enteric coated
A

DELAYED RELEASE

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4
Q

Contain two doses of medication, one for immediate release and the second for delayed release

A

repeat action

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5
Q

The release of a drug from an oral dosage form may be intentionally delayed until it reaches the intestines for several reasons

A
  1. protect drug from gastric fluids
  2. reduce gastric distress
  3. facilitate GI transit
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6
Q

use for coating enteric coated tablets (5)

A

fats
fatty acids
waxes
shellac
cellulose acetate phthalate

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7
Q

breaking down in the less acidic environment of the intestine

A

pH dependent

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8
Q

eroding by moisture over time during gastrointestinal transit

A

time dependent

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9
Q

deteriorating as a result of the hydrolysis-catalyzing action of intestinal enzymes

A

enzyme dependent

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10
Q

tablet’s outer shell or coating

A

immediate release

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11
Q

tablet’s inner core separated by a slowly permeable barrier coating

A

second release

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12
Q

Drug from the inner core is exposed to body fluids and release ____ hours after administration

A

4 - 6 hours

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13
Q

Repeat action dosage forms are best suited for the treatment of ____ conditions requiring repeated dosing

A

chronic

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14
Q

The drugs utilized should have ____ dosage and fairly rapid rates of ____ and ____.

A

low
absorption
excretion

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15
Q

Drug release directed toward isolating or concentrating a drug in a body region, tissue, or site for absorption or for drug action

A

targeted release

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16
Q

The drug is distributed into beads, pellets, granules or other particulate system

A

coated beads, granules, and microspheres

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17
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Drug is coated onto inert beads (____, ____ or -
____)

A

starch
sugar
microcrystalline cellulose

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18
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Then, the beads are coated with a lipid material (____, ____, ____ or ____)

A

beeswax
carnauba wax
glyceryl monostearate
cetyl alcohol

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19
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Then, the beads are coated with a cellulosic material like ____

A

ethylcellulose

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20
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Granules will be placed in ____ or ____

A

capsules or tablets

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21
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

are also used as coating material such as ethyl cellulose and plasticizer

A

aqueous coating systems

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22
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

The thicker the coat the more ____ top penetration more delay on drug release and dissolution

A

more resistant

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23
Q
  • Small spheroid compressing tablets 3 to 4 mm in diameter
  • Placed in gelatin capsule shell to provide the desired pattern of drug release
  • Each capsule contain 8 to 10 mini tablets
  • Uncoated for immediate release and other coated for extended release
A

multitablet system

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24
Q

MULTITABLET SYSTEM

size in diameter

A

3 to 4 mm

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25
Q

MULTITABLET SYSTEM

each capsule contain ____ to ____ mini tablets

A

8 - 10

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26
Q

MULTITABLET SYSTEM

____ fro immediate release

A

uncoated

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27
Q

MULTITABLET SYSTEM

____ for extended release

A

other coated

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28
Q

MULTITABLET SYSTEM

____ does not have coating

A

first two tablets

in 8-10 minitabs

29
Q

Solids, liquids, or even gases may be ENCLOSED into MICROSCOPIC-SIZE PARTICLES, through the formation of thin coatings of “wall” materials around the substance .
* Advantage
The administered drug dose is subdivided into small units spread over a large area of the GIT, enhance absorption by diminishing local drug concentration)

A

microencapsulation

30
Q

MICROENCAPSULATION

example of wall forming materials

A

gelatin
polyvinyl alcohol
ethylcellulose
polyvinyl chloride

31
Q

MICROENCAPSULATION

The “wall” material (e.g. gelatin) is ____

A

first dissolved in water

32
Q

MICROENCAPSULATION

To this is added the material to be encapsulated, and then a second material, usually ____, is added to concentrate the gelatin into tiny liquid droplets

33
Q

tablet that comes out of tableting machine

A

compressed tab

34
Q

Drug granules are made with a material (lipid or cellulosic) which slowly erodes in body fluids, thus resulting in granules which progressively release the drug for absorption.

A

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

35
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

Combination of drug granules and drug-excipient granules provide ____ action.

A

EXTENDED RELEASE

36
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

The granules may be ____ or formulated as a ____.

A

TABLETED, CAPSULE

37
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

commonly used as the excipient base in tablet matrix system

A

HYDROPHILIC CELLULOSE POLYMERS

38
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

In the body, the tablet (or capsule material) is wetted and the polymer forms a ____ around the tablet.

39
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

the drug ____ through the gel layer

40
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

the ____ gel layer becomes completely hydrated

41
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

the outer gel layer erodes and a ____ will form with any polymer still remaining in the tablet

A

new gel layer

42
Q

Embedding drug in an INERT PLASTIC MATRIX such as ____, ____, or ____

A

polyethylene
polyvinyl acetate
polymethacrylate

43
Q
  • Drug is slowly released from the plastic matrix by leaching into the body fluids
  • The granulation is compressed into tablet, the immediate release portion at the surface of the tablet.
  • Examples: Ferro-Gradumet iron supplement
A

EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX

44
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX

The granulation is compressed into

45
Q

EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX

the immediate release portion at the ____ of the tablet

46
Q
  • Drug substances are combined with other chemical agent to form complexes that may be only slowly soluble in body fluids
  • The slow dissolution provides the extended release of the drug
  • liquid preparations only
  • Example: Rynatan (Chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine) antihistamine
A

COMPLEX FORMATION

47
Q

Ferro-Gradumet iron supplement

A

EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX

48
Q

Rynatan (Chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine) antihistamine

A

COMPLEX FORMATION

49
Q
  • A complex of resin-drug is formed; tabletted, encapsulated or suspended in an aqueous vehicle
  • The release of the drug is dependent upon the pH and the electrolyte concentration in the GIT
  • Examples:
    Hydrocodone polistirex and chlorpheniramine polistirie suspension (Tussionex
    Pennkinetic Extended Release Suspension) cough preparation
    Phentermine Resin Capsules (Ionamine) weight loss
A

ION EXCHANGE RESINS

50
Q

RYNATAN

A

ANTIHISTAMINE

51
Q

FERRO GRADUMET

A

IRON SUPPLEMENT

52
Q

Hydrocodone polistirex and chlorpheniramine polistirie suspension (Tussionex
Pennkinetic Extended Release Suspension) cough preparation
Phentermine Resin Capsules (Ionamine) weight loss

A

ION EXCHANGE RESIN

53
Q

Pennkinetic Extended Release Suspension

54
Q

Phentermine Resin Capsules (Ionamine)

A

weight loss

55
Q

pioneer oral osmotic pump delivery system

A

OROS SYSTEM

56
Q

Composed of a core tablet surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane coating having a ”hole.”
* Core tablet:
(1) “ACTIVE” layer – containing the drug
(2) “PUSH” layer – containing the polymeric osmotic agent

A

OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS

57
Q

OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS

containing the drug

A

ACTIVE LAYER

58
Q

OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS

containing the polymeric osmotic agent

A

PUSH LAYER

59
Q

OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS

the hole is produced by

A

laser beam

60
Q

Ocular Pilocarpine therapeutic system which releases medication over a 7-day period in the treatment of glaucoma

common in diabetic patients

61
Q

Inserts for for the treatment of dry eyes

62
Q

inserts that contains dinoprostone for the induction of labor

A

cervidil vaginal insert

63
Q

Inserts that contains progesterone used to assist reproduction

A

crinone gel

64
Q

Vaginal ring containing estradiol for the treatment of urogenital symptoms associated with postmenopausal atrophy of the vagina

65
Q

Solid dosage form designed to be inserted under the skin by special injectors or by** surgical incisions**

66
Q

Implants that contains goserelin acetate for the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer

67
Q

Implants that contains levonorgestrel that provides up to 5 years contraception

A

norplant system

68
Q

long lasting effect preparations

DOSAGE (19 decks)

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